The study results of decomposition processes during heating of quenched solid solutions of V-1469 (Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Ag-Мn-Zr-Sc) and 1913 (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Mn-Zr-Sc) commercial alloys being obtained with the use of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method are given in the present paper. The activation energy was determined in accordance with Kissinger method, based on the temperature peak changing on DSC curves promoting the precipitation and solution of metastable and stable strengthening phases under various heating rate conditions. It was stated, that the stable η-phase precipitation of 1913 alloy is characterized by the lesser activation energy as compared to T₁-phase precipitation of V-1469 alloy by two times during the ageing process. The effect of the natural ageing process duration on the temperature peak changing, ensuring the structure change at the early stages and the following solid solution decomposition is also illuminated.

The analysis results of multicomponent phase diagrams applied to heat-resistant Al-base alloys is presented in the paper. The principal possibility for producing the efficiently modified alloys, designated for the critical components and operating at the heating temperatures to 300-350°C is based on the data of this analysis. The heat-resistant Al-base alloys of the last generation such as the casting alloy (Al-Fe-Mn-Ni-Zr) and wrought alloy (Al-Cu-Mn-Zr) are considered. These alloys significantly exceed the commercial alloys (Al-Cu) in service, technological and economical characteristics.

The systematic analysis was carried out for the reciprocal space bundles of crystalline lattice. The crystallographic planes (244) and (133), having the minimum distortion being governed by residual stresses, have been determined. It was stated, that it's expedient to use these planes for the definition of γ- and γ'-phases lattice periods. The structure changing nature was studied during the process of the high-temperature creep of VGM4 alloy. It was also revealed that the volumetric dislocation structure is formed in γ-phase at the exposure of 200 h. More over this structure propagates through the whole space of γ-phase at the exposures of 400 and 500 h. Besides it, the dislocation structure in γ'-phase was revealed in the specimens after testing for the high-temperature creep. The process of the supplementary decomposition, as a result of which the nanodimensional topologically close-packed phases are precipitated, has been revealed at the high-temperature creep. The residual stresses were determined in γ- and γ'-phases.

The method of local stiffness definition in structures with integrated actuator elements is proposed to carry out by the calculative way, i. e. based on the measured values of the starting structure position and its deformation values changing under the actuating and applying the loading conditions. In this case the indications of fiber-optical sensor on the base of Bregg lattice and recording mini-spectrometer are used for controlling the deformation of a structure section. Hence, the deformation changing can be controlled by calculating Young's modulus at bending with the help of a fiber-optical sensor and taking into account the initial stiffness values. In turn, the stiffness change of polymer structures can be used as an indicator of structural changes and, consequently, the micro faults initiation their following propagation under the loading effect and the nucleation of dangerous faults.

The advantages of sol-gel technology are presented for the case of the production of high-temperature glass-ceramic materials. The study results of structure formation processes - transitions, such as «solution (sol)→gel→crystalline phase», for example SrO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ were obtained with the use of infrared spectroscopy.

The basic development trends of superalloys, designated for the production of GTE disks, including the disk production for the present-time and advanced GTE are presented along with the requirements for these materials. The effect of chemical, phase and structure heterogeneity as well as the technological factors on alloy properties have been established. The principles of creating the reglamented microstructure in die forgings of disk complex-modified superalloys, ensuring the necessary set of service properties have been developed, substantiated and realized.

The differentially-mechanical analysis showed that under the conditions, not ensuring the complete curing of epoxy oligomers, at the availability of carbon nanotubes, functionalized in the acid mixture, the more fine-mesh and adjusting polymer network is formed in the nanocomposite under the complete curing process. It's more movable and prone to relaxation, as compared to a network in the original oligomer.

The advanced autoclave-free production technologies of fibrous polymer structural materials have been described. The characteristics of new binders of various types (epoxy, polycyanurate, bis-maleimide), processed by RTM, VARTM and RFI methods are given in the paper.