DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-2-3-14

UDC: 622.1/2.(035)

I.S. Mazalov¹, P.B. Mazalov¹, D.I. Suhov¹, E.A. Sulyanova¹

INFLUENCE OF HOT ISOSTATIC PRESSING PARAMETERS ON STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF COBALT-BASED ALLOYS OBTAINED BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING

The paper examines the microstructure and mechanical properties of experimental compositions of a heat-resistant cobalt superalloy, produced by the method of selective laser melting (SLM). Strengthening in the studied materials is achieved by the formation of a fine-celled structure of a solid solution based on cobalt and highly dispersed intermetallic and carbide phases. By the EMPA (electron micro probe analysis) method, the ratio of chemical elements in these phases was evaluated and their type was determined. It was estimated that the tantalum content determines the strength properties of the alloy. It was found that dispersed particles formed during the synthesis have a positive effect on the creep resistance at 800 °C temperature, whereas at 1100 °C temperature the destruction occurs along the boundaries of the persisted structure of synthesis, regardless of the alloying and morphology of structural components.

Keywords: cobalt alloy, additive manufacturing, selective laser melting, hot isostatic pressing, structure, mechanical properties.

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Full version

2.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-2-15-23

UDC: 669.15:621.785

E.A. Eliseev¹, G.S. Sevalnev¹, A.V. Doroshenko¹, M.E. Druzhinina¹

INFLUENCE OF TIME-TEMPERATURE PARAMETERS OF LONG-DURATION EXPOSURE ON TRANSFORMATIONS IN STRUCTURAL STEELS (review)

Low-temperature nitriding of steels is usually carried out in the temperature range of development of reversible temper brittleness. The holding time at these temperatures significantly exceeds the holding time during normal tempering, which can negatively affect the properties of steel. The article considers theories that explain the processes occurring in steels in the temper brittleness temperature range. It may be concluded that views linking the embrittlement of steel with alloying elements such as nickel in its content are not confirmed by the experiments; at the same time ideas based on classical views about the diffusion of chemical elements explain the processes in steel better.

Keywords: temper brittleness, segregation, grain boundaries, alloy steel, Auger electron spectroscopy, high-temperature tempering, fractography of fractures.

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Full version

3.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-2-24-34

UDC: 669.018.28:669.715

E.N. Kablov¹, E.V. Belov¹, A.V. Trapeznikov¹, A.A. Leonov¹, D.V. Zaitsev¹

STRENGTHENING FEATURES AND AGING KINETICS OF HIGH-STRENGTH CAST ALUMINUM ALLOY AL4MS BASED ON Al–Si–Cu–Mg SYSTEM

Based on the conducted research, it has been found that quenching with hot isostatic pressure and step-by-step aging with consistently increasing temperatures of low-temperature aging (first stage) and high-temperature aging (second stage) provides high tensile strength for AL4MS copper silumin during cold box casting, increases the flow stress by 10%, and maintains high plasticity compared to the level of properties after single-stage aging.

Keywords: copper silumin, three-stage quenching, two-stage aging, hot isostatic pressing, dislocation structure, strengthening phases.

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Full version

4.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-2-35-42

UDC: 669.046.516.2

A.I. Astashkin¹, V.V. Babanov¹, A.A. Selivanov¹, E.A. Tkachenko¹, D.V. Gusev², M.V. Tsarev²

IMPROVING THE HARDENABILITY OF MASSIVE FORGINGS FROM ALLOYS OF THE Al–Zn–Mg–Cu SYSTEM BY BALANCED ALLOYING WITH ZINC AND MAGNESIUM

The paper presents the results of studies of the influence of the Zn:Mg ratio on the hardenability, structure and complex of mechanical and corrosive characteristics of forgings with 150 mm thickness made of alloys based on Al–Zn–Mg–Cu system, manufactured in the production conditions of metallurgical plants of JSC AMR and Public Corporation “KUMZ”.
It has been determined that an alloy of the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu system with Zn:Mg ratio of not less than 4,1:1 and copper mass content of not more than 1.2% has a higher hardenability compared to the 1933 alloy of standard composition, which ensures homogeneous structure and indicators of mechanical and corrosion properties over the thickness of semi-finished pro-ducts; in metallurgical industry at the stage of manufacturing this allows reducing the residual quenching stresses in massive forgings by means of straightening by reduction in an as-quenched state.

Keywords: high-strength alloys of the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu system, forgings, hardenability, balanced alloying, mechanical properties, fracture toughness, corrosion properties, residual quenching stresses.

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8. Duyunova V.A., Nechaikina T.A., Oglodkov M.S., Yakovlev A.L., Leonov A.A. Promising developments in the field of light materials for modern aerospace technology. Tekhnologiya legkikh splavov, 2018, no. 4, pp. 28–43.
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10. Antipov V.V., Klochkova Yu.Yu., Romanenko V.A. Modern aluminum and aluminum-lithium alloys. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 195–211. DOI: 10.18577/2107-9140-2017-0-S-195-211.11. Antipov V.V. Prospects for the development of light alloys for products of aerospace technology. Metallurgy and modern developments in the field of casting technologies, deformation and heat treatment of light alloys: collection of reports scientific and technical. conf. Moscow: VIAM, 2016, p. 1.
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14. Vakhromov R.O. Changes in the structure, properties and level of residual stresses in forged semi-finished products made of 1933 aluminum alloy depending on the chemical composition and heat treatment modes: thesis, Cand. Sc. (Tech.) Moscow: VIAM, 2015, 24 p.
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Full version

5.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-2-43-50

UDC: 678.072, 678.078

I.V. Terekhov¹, A.I. Tkachuk¹, K.I. Donetsky¹, R.Yu. Karavaev¹

TECHNOLOGICAL AND OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VSE-62 LOW-VISCOSITY EPOXY RESIN WITH INCREASED POT LIFE AND ITS APPLICATION

The paper considers the main physical and chemical and thermomechanical characteristics of the VSE-62 epoxy resin. The results of rheological tests of the developed resin in dynamic and isothermal modes, as well as the kinetic parameters of the curing process are presented. They help to determine the technological conditions for obtaining defect-free cured samples. The results of mechanical tests show that this resin’s system is characterized by high values of the glass transition temperature and good mechanical properties at test temperature of 120 °C. The absence of solvents in the composition of the VSE-62 epoxy resin and its low viscosity makes it possible to obtain high-strength materials with reduced porosity.

Keywords: polymer composite materials, epoxy matrices, vacuum infusion, RTM, out-of-autoclave molding, pot life.

Reference List

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Full version

6.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-2-51-61

UDC: 678.8

P.N. Timoshkov¹, V.A. Goncharov¹, M.N. Usacheva¹, A.V. Khrulkov¹

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATED LAYING: FROM THE BEGINNING TO OUR DAYS (review) Part 1. Automated Tape Laying (ATL)

The article is devoted to the currently topical problem of automating the process of lay-up tapes of composite parts. One of the main technologies used for the production of structures from thermosetting or thermoplastic composites is the Automated Tape Laying (ATL). In the first part of the article, the technology of laying-up the tapes for large simple flat parts is considered, as well as the process and equipment from well-known companies on the market is described.

Keywords: automated tape laying (ATL), polymer composite materials (PCM), equipment, prepreg, additive technology.

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Full version

7.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-2-62-72

UDC: 669.017.165:669.245

D.I. Sukhov¹, S.V. Nerush¹, I.Yu. Efimochkin¹, F.N. Karachevchev¹, I.A. Bogachev¹

PRODUCTION OF MMC BASED ON VZh159 ALLOY BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING

The paper considers manufacturing of metal matrix composites (MMC) by means of selective laser melting. The heat-resistant nickel-based Ni–Cr–Mo–Nb–Al alloy was chosen as a matrix material, the Y2O3 oxide was chosen as a strengthener. After mechanical alloying the obtained powder was used in SLM for the production of a material. The synthesized material’s condition was examined after the SLM process and after hot isostatic pressing (HIP). In the structure the areas containing Y, Al and O-based compounds were found. The creep-rupture tests of samples after HIP and heat treatment were performed and the results were explained by fractographic analysis.

Keywords: selective laser melting, additive manufacturing, heat-resistant nickel alloy, disperse strengthening, structure, creep-rupture strength, oxide particles.

Reference List

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7. Evgenov A.G., Nerush S.V., Vasilenko S.A. The obtaining and testing of the fine-dispersed metal powder of the high-chromium alloy on nickel-base for laser metal deposition. Trudy VIAM, 2014, no. 05, paper no. 04. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: August 9, 2020). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2014-0-5-4-4.
8. Evgenov A.G., Rogalev A.M., Nerush S.V., Mazalov I.S. A study of properties of EP648 alloy manufactured by the selective laser sintering of metal powders. Trudy VIAM, 2015, no. 2, paper no. 02. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 6, 2020). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2015-0-2-2-2.
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Full version

8.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-2-73-84

UDC: 666.3

V.A. Voronov¹, A.S. Chaynikova¹, D.M. Tkalenko¹

ASPECTS OF USAGE OF ORGANIC OR AQUEOUS BINDERS BASED ON III OR IV GROUP ELEMENTS OXIDES IN THE PRODUCTION OF CERAMIC MOLDS FOR CHEMICALLY ACTIVE ALLOYS CASTING (review)

The article considers the experience of using organic and aqueous binders based on silicon or aluminum oxides in the manufacturing of ceramic casting molds, and tendencies of world manufacturers in this industry to improve the quality, accuracy and operational reliability of cast products, especially critical parts made of titanium, intermetallic and heat-resistant alloys obtained by investment casting. The paper gives information on the results of studying physical and mechanical properties of ceramic molds and defect zone of the outer surface of castings made of various alloys.

Keywords: silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, organic binder for making ceramic casting molds, water binder for manufacturing of casting ceramic molds.

Reference List

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Full version

9.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-2-85-92

UDC: 620.197

S.A. Budinovskiy¹, O.N. Doronin¹, A.A. Kosmin¹, A.S. Benklyan¹

INFLUENCE OF THE STATE OF THE YSZ TARGET ON ITS SPUTTERING RATE DURING DEPOSITION OF A TBC CERAMIC LAYER BY THE UOKS-3 UNIT

The paper considers the operational features of the UOKS-3 magnetron sputtering system. The experimentally obtained data indicate that the sputtering rate of the substrate depends on a large number of factors, such as partial pressure of the working and reaction gases, distance between the target and the workpieces, and depth of the groove made on the working surface of the target. Using a comprehensive study of the influence of each of these factors, it is possible to more accurately predict the deposition rate of a ceramic layer of a thermal barrier coating on the surface of the processed products.

Keywords: gas turbine engine, thermal barrier coating, ceramic layer, magnetron sputtering, UOKS-3, Zr–Y target.

Reference List

1. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.
2. Kablov E.N., Echin A.B., Bondarenko Yu.A. History of development of directional crys-tallization technology and equipment for casting blades of gas turbine engines. Trudy VIAM, 2020, no. 3 (87), paper no. 01. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 11, 2020). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-3-3-12.
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5. Kablov E.N., Onishchenko G.G., Ivanov V.V. Scientific and technological development of Russia in the context of achieving national goals: problems and solutions. Innovatsii, 2020, no. 6 (260), pp. 3–16.
6. Kablov E.N., Ospennikova O.G., Vershkov A.V. Rare metals and rare earth elements – materials of modern and future high technologies. Trudy VIAM, 2013, no. 2, paper no. 01. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 11, 2020).
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Full version

10.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-2-93-102

UDC: 629.7.018.4:629.7.023

V.А. Kuznetsova¹, V.G. Zheleznyak¹, E.V. Kurshev¹, V.V. Yemelyanov¹

RESEARCH OF FUEL- AND WATER RESISTANCE OF COATINGS BASED ON THE FILLED EPOXY-THIOKOL POLYMERIC COMPOSITIONS

The article provides the results of studies of fuel- and water resistant priming coatings based on the filled fuel-resistant compositions based on the E-41 epoxy modified with liquid Thiokol 1 brand and cured with ASOT-2 organic-silicon amine. There was examined the microstructure of coating surface of fuel resistant primer 1 by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy after tests in TS-1 fuel and distilled water. It has been determined that availability of a filler with lamellar structure as a part of fuel-resistant primer promotes the decrease in fuel-swelling and moisture absorption that can be connected with manifestation of a barrier effect.

Keywords: epoxy-thiokol film-forming agent, filler, adhesion, fuel-swelling, water absorption, structure, electron microscopy.

Reference List

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Full version

11.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-2-103-114

UDC: 620.1:669.018.29

N.Yu. Podzhivotov¹

THE MINIMUM SAMPLES AMOUNTS FOR AN ASSESSMENT OF THE INITIAL MOMENTS OF DISTRIBUTION OF TENSILE ULTIMATE STRENGTH FOR THE SAMPLES OF STRUCTURAL METALLIC MATERIALS

The paper considers a justification of the minimum samples amounts (quantity samples of tests) necessary for an assessment with the pre-set probability of the initial moments of distribution of tensile ultimate strength for the standard samples of the main types of structural metallic materials: aluminum and titanium alloys and some steels. It’ has been demonstrated that the minimum amount of samples for the assessment of the initial moments of distribution – expected value and standard deviation of tensile strength – significantly depends on factors of variation of experimental data, as well as on the requirements imposed to the accuracy of the received estimates. There has also been formulated a hypothesis of «conditional general sample».

Keywords: small samples, assessment of properties of the materials, experimental data, properties levels of the materials’ characteristics, data analysis, aircraft structural metallic materials.

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Full version

12.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-2-115-122

UDC: 620.179.

I.S. Krasnov¹, D.S. Lozhkova¹, M.A. Dalin¹

EVALUATION OF DEFICIENCY OF TITANIUM ALLOY FORGINGS FOR PROBABILISTIC CALCULATION OF GAS TURBINE ENGINE DISKS FRACTURE RISK

The paper observes the issues of calculation of anomalic distribution of frequencies and sizes of defects in titanium alloy billets and forgings for gas turbine engine disks, for the case of absence of statistical information of defects detected during non-destructive testing. Deficiency evaluation method is proposed, taking into account individual scanning schemes at ultrasonic testing. A mathematical apparatus is given, which makes it possible to numerically evaluate deficiency for titanium alloy billets and disks for gas turbine engine.

Keywords: deficiency, damage tolerance, gas turbine engine, titanium alloy, engine critical parts.

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Full version

Authors named	Position, academic degree
FSUE «All-Russian scientific research institute of aviation materials» SSC of RF; e-mail:admin@viam.ru
Alexander I. Astashkin	Second Category Engineer
Vitaly V. Babanov	Leading Engineer
Evgeny V. Belov	Leading Engineer
Artem S. Benklyan	Engineer
Igor A. Bogachev	Senior Researcher, Candidate of Sciences (Phys. & Math.)
Sergey A. Budinovskiy	Chief Researcher, Doctor of Sciences (Tech.)
Vsevolod A. Voronov	Head of Sector, Candidate of Sciences (Chem.)
Vitaly A. Goncharov	Head of Laboratory
Mikhail A. Dalin	Head of Sector
Kirill I. Donetsky	Deputy Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Sciences (Chem.)
Oleg N. Doronin	Deputy Head of Laboratory of Scientific, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Anton V. Doroshenko	Leading Engineer
Marina E. Druzhinina	Technician
Eduard A. Eliseev	Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Viktor V. Emelyanov	Engineer
Ivan Yu. Efimochkin	Deputy Head of Laboratory
Vyacheslav G. Zheleznyak	Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Denis V. Zaitsev	Leading Engineer
Evgeny N. Kablov	Director General, Academician of RAS, Professor
Roman Yu. Karavaev	Head of Sector
Fedor N. Karachevchev	Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Artem A. Kosmin	Head of Sector
Ivan S. Krasnov	First Category Engineer
Vera A. Kuznetsova	Head of Sector, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Evgeny V. Kurshev	First Category Engineer
Darya S. Lozhkova	Researcher
Aleksandr A. Leonov	Head of Laboratory
Ivan S. Mazalov	Leading Engineer
Pavel B. Mazalov	Deputy Head of Scientific-Research Bureau
Svyatoslav V. Nerush	Head of Scientific-Research Bureau
Nikolay Yu. Podzhivotov	Senior Researcher, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
German S. Sevalnev	Leading Engineer
Andrey A. Selivanov	Head of the Laboratory, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Elena A. Sulyanova	Candidate of Sciences (Phys. & Math.)
Dmitry I. Suhov	Leading Researcher, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Ivan V. Terekhov	Researcher, Candidate of Sciences (Chem.)
Pavel N. Timoshkov	Head of Scientific-Research Bureau
Anatoly I. Tkachuk	Head of Sector, Candidate of Sciences (Chem.)
Dmitry M. Tkalenko	Technician
Evgeniya A. Tkachenko	Senior Researcher
Andrey V. Trapeznikov	Head of Sector
Maria N. Usacheva	Second Category Technician
Alexander V. Khrulkov	Leading Engineer-technologist
Anna S. Chaynikova	Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Sciences (Tech.)
Joint Stock Company «Aluminium Metallurg Rus»; e-mail: amr@amrbk.ru
Dmitry V. Gusev	Technology director – Chief Metallurgist
Mikhail V. Tsarev	Head of the department of new technologies

Aviation materials and technologies

Scientific-technical journal ISSN 2713-0193

ARCHIVE

Aviation materials and technologies №2, 2021

Contents

Heat-resistant alloys and steels

Light-metal alloys

Polymer materials

Composite materials

Protective and functional coatings

Material tests

Authors

INFLUENCE OF HOT ISOSTATIC PRESSING PARAMETERS ON STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF COBALT-BASED ALLOYS OBTAINED BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING

INFLUENCE OF TIME-TEMPERATURE PARAMETERS OF LONG-DURATION EXPOSURE ON TRANSFORMATIONS IN STRUCTURAL STEELS (review)

STRENGTHENING FEATURES AND AGING KINETICS OF HIGH-STRENGTH CAST ALUMINUM ALLOY AL4MS BASED ON Al–Si–Cu–Mg SYSTEM

IMPROVING THE HARDENABILITY OF MASSIVE FORGINGS FROM ALLOYS OF THE Al–Zn–Mg–Cu SYSTEM BY BALANCED ALLOYING WITH ZINC AND MAGNESIUM

TECHNOLOGICAL AND OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VSE-62 LOW-VISCOSITY EPOXY RESIN WITH INCREASED POT LIFE AND ITS APPLICATION

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATED LAYING: FROM THE BEGINNING TO OUR DAYS (review) Part 1. Automated Tape Laying (ATL)

PRODUCTION OF MMC BASED ON VZh159 ALLOY BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING

ASPECTS OF USAGE OF ORGANIC OR AQUEOUS BINDERS BASED ON III OR IV GROUP ELEMENTS OXIDES IN THE PRODUCTION OF CERAMIC MOLDS FOR CHEMICALLY ACTIVE ALLOYS CASTING (review)

INFLUENCE OF THE STATE OF THE YSZ TARGET ON ITS SPUTTERING RATE DURING DEPOSITION OF A TBC CERAMIC LAYER BY THE UOKS-3 UNIT

RESEARCH OF FUEL- AND WATER RESISTANCE OF COATINGS BASED ON THE FILLED EPOXY-THIOKOL POLYMERIC COMPOSITIONS

THE MINIMUM SAMPLES AMOUNTS FOR AN ASSESSMENT OF THE INITIAL MOMENTS OF DISTRIBUTION OF TENSILE ULTIMATE STRENGTH FOR THE SAMPLES OF STRUCTURAL METALLIC MATERIALS

EVALUATION OF DEFICIENCY OF TITANIUM ALLOY FORGINGS FOR PROBABILISTIC CALCULATION OF GAS TURBINE ENGINE DISKS FRACTURE RISK