CONTACT ENDURANCE OF NITROGENOUS AUSTENITIC-MARTENSITIC STEELS WITH DIFFERENT HARDENING MECHANISM

Contact fatigue tests of samples of nitrogenous austenitic-martensitic steels VNS9-Sh and VNS72-Sh were carried out. The microstructure and microhardness of the samples after testing were investigated. It was found that during tests with a contact stress level of more than 3000 MPa, samples made of VNS72-Sh steel, hardened by heat treatment, have greater durability, at stresses less than 2500 MPa, samples made of VNS9-Sh steel, hardened by cold plastic deformation are more durable due to the formation of martensite deformation.

Keywords: аustenitic-martensitic steels, hardness, microstructure, contact endurance, mechanical properties, tribotechnical properties

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Full version

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2024-0-2-15-24

UDC: 669.245

E.V. Kolyadov¹, E.M. Visik¹, V.V. Gerasimov¹, O.N. Bityutskaya¹

FEATURES OF THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE STRUCTURE OF NICKEL SUPERALLOY DEPENDING ON THE VALUES OF THE AXIAL AND RADIAL TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS AT THE CRYSTALLIZATION FRONT

The main parameters of directional crystallization, which affect the emerging structure and dispersion of phase components, are considered. Experimental work was carried out to determine the axial and radial temperature gradients for castings with a diameter of 100 mm, their macrostructure and microstructure were shown. The ratio of axial and radial temperature gradients is considered and its influence on the structure of the castings obtained is shown. Methods of improving the quality of the structure with an increase in the cross-section of castings are proposed.

Keywords: superalloys, directional crystallization, dendritic structure, installations for single-crystal casting, thermocouple, temperature gradient

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Full version

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2024-0-2-25-44

UDC: 669.017.165

N.A. Nochovnaya¹, V.I. Ivanov¹, A.A. Shiryaev¹, L.Yu. Avilochev¹

INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND Ti2AlNb – PROMISING MATERIAL FOR AVIATION AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY Part 3. Fatigue strength of Ti2AlNb alloys

Alloys based on the Ti2AlNb intermetallic are promising materials for aviation and space engineering with temperatures up to 750 °C. The work used foreign materials on the study of alloy compositions, the influence of thermomechanical and thermal processing operations on the parameters of microstructure and mechanical properties of alloys (strength, plastic, fatigue strength) at 20 °C and elevated temperatures. An analysis of the works showed that only lamellar orthorhombic microstructures bimodal type provide an increased level of alloy properties.

Keywords: Ti2AlNb intermetallic compound, thermomechanical and heat treatment, microstructures, mechanical properties, fatigue strength

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Full version

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2024-0-2-45-65

UDC: 678.067.5

Yu.V. Reshetnikov¹, A.V. Trapeznikov¹, K.A. Vlasova¹, N.V. Trofimov¹

DIFFERENT FACTORS INFLUENCE ON TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SELF-HARDENING PHENOLFORMALDEHYDE RESIN SANDS. Part 2

In the second part of the article, a comparative analysis of the technological properties of cold-cured sands with resole phenol-formaldehyde binder is reviewed. It is emphasizes the need to switch from green sands to more advanced and ecological ones. The main features and advantages of the alphaset process are identified. Using the examples of various studies the mutual influence of humidity, temperature, gas permeability, friability and strength of molding sands on the quality of the mold, castings and environmental safety of production is described.

Keywords: alphaset-process, cold-cured sands, phenol formaldehyde resins, strength, gas permeability, humidity, friability, ecological safety

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Full version

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2024-0-2-66-79

UDC: 669.018

N.P. Cherezov¹, A.A. Fadeev², A.V. Samohin², M.I. Alymov¹

PRODUCTION OF SPHERICAL TITANIUM POWDERS FROM A TITANIUM SPONGE USING SHS HYDROGENATION, THERMAL DEHYDROGENATION, AND PLASMA SPHEROIDIZATION

This paper proposes a new method for preparing titanium powders with spherical particle shape, including the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS hydrogenation) and thermal dehydrogenation with subsequent spheroidization of the resulting precursor in thermal plasma. The titanium sponge of TG-100 brand was saturated with hydrogen using the energy-efficient SHS method, and then the resulting hydride was mechanically grinded and dehydrogenated by thermal decomposition in a vacuum oven. The resulting precursor was subjected to plasma treatment, which led to the obtaining a product with a high degree of spheroidization. The physical, chemical, and technological parameters of the powders were investigated. The titanium powder produced has a spherical particle shape and possesses the necessary properties for use in additive manufacturing technologies.

Keywords: metal powders, additive technologies, titanium, hydrogen, SHS hydrogenation, mechanically crushed, thermal dehydrogenation, plasma spheroidization, morphology, chemical and technological parameters

Reference List

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Full version

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2024-0-2-80-89

UDC: 66.067.124

S.Yu. Kireev¹, G.V. Kozlov¹, S.R. Sinenkova¹, S.N. Kireeva¹, R.R. Melzitdinov¹

PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE ELECTROCHEMICAL COATINGS Co–WC FORMED IN THE GALVANOSTATIC MODE OF PULSED ELECTROLYSIS

Ceramic-metal composite coatings are becoming increasingly popular due to their increased wear resistance, surface hardness and corrosion resistance. Cermet consists of ceramic particles (dispersed or reinforcing phase) immersed in a metal binder. Electrochemical coatings Co–WC are usually used in cases where wear resistance is required, and are widely used on parts working in both abrasive and corrosive environments. The composition of the electrolyte and the galvanostatic mode of pulsed electrolysis are proposed in the article for obtaining Co–WC coatings with increased wear resistance and microhardness by 1,5–2,0 times compared to cobalt coatings.

Keywords: composite coatings, cobalt, tungsten carbide, pulsed electrolysis, hardness, wear resistance

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Full version

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2024-0-2-90-98

UDC: 678.747.2

N.G. Pavlukovich¹, М.S. Ivanov¹, V.S. Morozova¹, I.N. Donskih¹

INVESTIGATION OF THE THERMAL STABILITY OF THE MELT POLYETHERETHERKETONE PEEK-50P AND CARBON FIBER BASED ON IT

The melt flow characteristics of the polyetheretherketone brand PEEK-50P produced by JSC «Institute of Plastics» were determined. The values of the flow index at temperatures of 360, 380 and 400 °С were 69, 92 and 100 g/10 min, respectively. The optimal temperature interval for melt processing was established in the range from 360 to 380 °С. It has been shown that at temperatures of 360 and 380 °С the PEEK-50P melt is thermally stable for at least 2 hours. Carbon fiber samples were made by pressing at 360 and 380 °С and their physical-mechanical characteristics were determined.

Keywords: polyetheretherketone, melt flow index, heat resistance, coefficient of thermal stability, carbon fiber, hot pressing, interlaminar shear strength, flexural strength

Reference List

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Full version

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2024-0-2-99-108

UDC: 678.747.2

N.G. Pavlukovich¹, V.S. Morozova¹, М.S. Ivanov¹

THE INFLUENCE OF OPERATIONAL FACTORS ON THE PROPERTIES OF CARBON FIBER BASED ON POLYETHERETHERKETONE

Сharacteristics of fire resistance and fire safety of the carbon fiber sheet VKU-65 based on polyetheretherketone and twill weave carbon fabric, as well as the effect of various operational factors on the properties of the material were studied. The compliance of the material with aviation regulations for flammability and smoke formation has been established. Resistance to thermal aging at 120 and 150 °C, exposure to temperatures from ‒60 to +150 °C, high humidity, mold fungi and aggressive liquids was confirmed.

Keywords: polyetheretherketone, carbon fiber, life tests, external influencing factors, operational factors, fire safety, strength

Reference List

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5. Sorokin A.E., Sagomonova V.A., Petrova A.P., Solovyanchik L.V. Manufacturing technologies of polymer composite materials on thermoplastics (review). Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 3 (97), paper no. 07. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 01, 2023). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-3-78-86.
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16. Ivanov M.S., Sagomonova V.A., Morozova V.S. Domestic thermoplastic carbon plastic based on polyetheretherketone. Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 12 (118), paper no. 05. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 01, 2023). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-12-49-62.
17. Satdinov R.A., Savitsky R.S. Influence of weft thread deflection in reinforcing filler on elastic-strength properties of PCM. Trudy VIAM, 2023, no. 2 (120), paper no. 05. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 01, 2023). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2023-0-2-53-62.

Full version

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2024-0-2-109-121

UDC: 678.8

E.A. Puzyretskiy¹, K.I. Donetskiy², L.P. Shabalin¹, R.Yu. Karavaev², D.V. Savinov¹

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE VACUUM FORMING OF SEMIPREGS BASED ON CARBON FILLERS (TAPES AND FABRIC) AND MELTING EPOXY BINDING

This work is devoted to the theoretical and experimental study of vacuum forming of semipregs based on carbon fillers (tapes and fabrics) and melted epoxy binder. The process of studying semipregs is described, a set of tests of the properties of semipregs, as well as their components, is carried out. Based on the results of the study, the dependences of the rheological characteristics of the binder and the permeability of fillers on the parameters of semipreg molding were plotted. These data were later used to build computational models of the vacuum forming process and determine the optimal modes of manufacturing carbon fiber reinforced plastics.

Keywords: semipreg, epoxy binder, polymeric composite material, vacuum forming, mathematical analysis, out-of-autoclave forming

Reference List

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10.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2024-0-2-122-136

UDC: 539.32

A.I. Epishin¹, D.S. Lisovenko²

DETERMINATION OF ISOTHERMAL ELASTICITY CONSTANTS OF A SINGLE-CRYSTAL NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOY IN A WIDE TEMPERATURE RANGE

Temperature dependences of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion and heat capacity at constant pressure were measured for a 2nd generation single-crystal nickel-based superalloy. The results of these measurements were used to convert the adiabatic values of the elastic constants of the alloy to the isothermal ones required for engineering calculations. It is shown that at high temperatures corresponding to the operating conditions of gas turbine blades, isothermal values of elastic characteristics such as elastic stiffnesses and bulk modulus of elasticity are significantly lower than adiabatic ones.

Keywords: nickel-based superalloys, single crystals, elastic constants, thermal expansion, heat capacity

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11.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2024-0-2-137-148

UDC: 629.7.018.4

V.S. Erasov¹, I.G. Sibayev¹, A.I. Sutubalov¹, E.A. Popkova¹, M.A. Gorbovets¹

METHODS OF MECHANICAL TESTING TO DETERMINE THE STRENGTH OF CARBON FIBERS

Methods for determining the strength of carbon fibers are considered. Some terms on polymer composite materials have been clarified. A diagram of the deformation of monofilaments in microplastic is shown. The main approaches and techniques used in tensile testing of monofilament as loop stretching, monofilament stretching in microplastics are presented. New designations of the types of destruction of monofilaments in microplastics are proposed. The most high-performance type of testing to determine the strength of carbon fibers is recommended.

Keywords: carbon monofilament, tow, loop, microplastic, deformation, stress

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12.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2024-0-2-149-166

UDC: 620.173

P.V. Shershak¹, A.I. Sutubalov¹, N.O. Yakovlev¹, F.A. Sherstyuk¹

STANDARDS TEST METHODS FOR POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITE MATERIALS. Part 2. Compression properties

The most complete and detailed comparative analysis of interstate (GOST), national (GOST R) and foreign (ISO, ASTM, EN) standards for compression testing of polymer matrix composite materials is provided. The analysis includes the application areas of the standards, geometric dimensions of samples, test fixtures, conditions and testing procedures, requirements for processing and interpreting test results. It is recommended to use the materials given in this work as a reference guide of choosing standards for testing.

Keywords: polymer matrix composite material, physical and mechanical tests, compression, sample, standard, GOST, GOST R, ISO, ASTM, EN

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Full version

Aviation materials and technologies

Scientific-technical journal ISSN 2713-0193

ARCHIVE

Aviation materials and technologies №2, 2024

Contents

Heat-resistant alloys and steels

Light-metal alloys

Composite materials

Material tests

CONTACT ENDURANCE OF NITROGENOUS AUSTENITIC-MARTENSITIC STEELS WITH DIFFERENT HARDENING MECHANISM

FEATURES OF THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE STRUCTURE OF NICKEL SUPERALLOY DEPENDING ON THE VALUES OF THE AXIAL AND RADIAL TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS AT THE CRYSTALLIZATION FRONT

INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND Ti2AlNb – PROMISING MATERIAL FOR AVIATION AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY Part 3. Fatigue strength of Ti2AlNb alloys

DIFFERENT FACTORS INFLUENCE ON TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SELF-HARDENING PHENOLFORMALDEHYDE RESIN SANDS. Part 2

PRODUCTION OF SPHERICAL TITANIUM POWDERS FROM A TITANIUM SPONGE USING SHS HYDROGENATION, THERMAL DEHYDROGENATION, AND PLASMA SPHEROIDIZATION

PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE ELECTROCHEMICAL COATINGS Co–WC FORMED IN THE GALVANOSTATIC MODE OF PULSED ELECTROLYSIS

INVESTIGATION OF THE THERMAL STABILITY OF THE MELT POLYETHERETHERKETONE PEEK-50P AND CARBON FIBER BASED ON IT

THE INFLUENCE OF OPERATIONAL FACTORS ON THE PROPERTIES OF CARBON FIBER BASED ON POLYETHERETHERKETONE

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE VACUUM FORMING OF SEMIPREGS BASED ON CARBON FILLERS (TAPES AND FABRIC) AND MELTING EPOXY BINDING

DETERMINATION OF ISOTHERMAL ELASTICITY CONSTANTS OF A SINGLE-CRYSTAL NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOY IN A WIDE TEMPERATURE RANGE

METHODS OF MECHANICAL TESTING TO DETERMINE THE STRENGTH OF CARBON FIBERS

STANDARDS TEST METHODS FOR POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITE MATERIALS. Part 2. Compression properties