Pages:: 5-16

Keywords: mathematical model, heat balance equation, melt temperature distribution in a mold, heat-resistant alloy ingots, automated casting process design system, melt heat loss during casting

Reference List

1. Vlasov I.I., Sevalnev G.S., Klimov V.S., Rogalev A.M. Study of the structure and phase composition of an entropy alloy based on the Ni–Cr–Co alloying system after vacuum induction melting. Trudy VIAM, 2024, no. 9 (139), pp. 25–32. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: December 10, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-9-3-14.
2. Deynega G.I., Kuzmina I.G., Bityutskaya O.N., Narsky A.R. Foam ceramic filters based on domestic refractory materials. Part 1. Trudy VIAM, 2023, no. 11 (129), pp. 17–25. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: December 08, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2023-0-11-17-25.
3. Deynega G.I., Kuzmina I.G., Bityutskaya O.N., Narsky A.R. Foam ceramic filters based on domestic refractory materials. Part 2. Trudy VIAM, 2024, no. 2 (132), pp. 13–22. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: December 08, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-2-13-22.
4. Ovsepyan S.V., Akhmedzyanov M.V., Filonova E.V., Zaytsev D.V. Precipitation of η-phase during heat treatment in Ni–Fe–Co–Nb–Ti alloy. Trudy VIAM, 2023, no. 4 (122), pp. 14–26. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: December 08, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2023-0-4-3-13.
5. Weiss K., Ogorodnikova A.M., Popov A.V. Computer-aided engineering analysis of castings using WinCast software. Trends in foundry production. Liteynoe proizvodstvo, 2002, no. 7, рр. 25–26.
6. Verkhovtsev V.V. Use of Power Shape and Solid Cast systems at the Ivanovo Foundry and Mechanical Plant. Liteynoe proizvodstvo, 2003, no. 1, p. 39.
7. Tikhomirov M.D. Fundamentals of casting process modeling. Casting technology synthesis systems and their distinction from casting process modeling systems. Liteynoe proizvodstvo, 2004, no. 2, pp. 28–31.
8. Shpak E. Practical application of computer modeling systems for casting processes. Liteyshchik Rossii, 2002, no. 7/8, pp. 56–59.
9. Gulyaev B.B. Theory of Casting Processes. Leningrad: Mashinostroenie, 1976, 216 p.
10. Ravochkin A.S. Improvement of the design methodology for gating systems for gas turbine engine (GTE) blade castings based on an analysis of the filling process: thesis, Cand. Sc. (Tech.). Rybinsk, 2006, 149 p.
11. Balandin G.F. Fundamentals of the theory of casting formation: in 2 parts. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1976, part 1, 328 p.
12. Balandin G.F. Fundamentals of the theory of casting formation: in 2 parts. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1979, part 2, 355 p.
13. Smykov A.F. Development of theory, design, and implementation of computer-aided process planning for the investment casting of gas turbine blades: thesis, Dr. Sc. (Tech.). Moscow, 2005, 389 p.
14. Borishansky V.M., Kutateladze S.S., Novikov I.I., Fedynsky O.S. Liquid metal coolants. Moscow: Atomizdat, 1976, 328 p.
15. Neustruev A.A., Moiseev V.S. Automated design of casting technological processes. Moscow: MGATU, 1994, 256 p.
16. Neustruev A.A., Smykov A.F. Automated calculation of castings in molds using lost wax models. Problems of foundry technology: collection of scientific works. Perm: PPI, 1991, pp. 43–48.
17. Taits N.Yu. Steel heating technology. Moscow: Metallurgizdat, 1950, 450 p.
18. Mikheev M.A. Basics of Heat Transfer. Moscow; Leningrad: Gosenergoizdat, 1949, 396 p.

Pages:: 17-37

Keywords: cast aluminum alloys, modification, europium, microstructure, mechanical properties, eutectic silicon, statistical analysis

Reference List

1. Baranovskaya V.B., Karpov Yu.A., Petrova K.V., Korotkova N.A. Modern trends in the use of rare-earth metals and their compounds in metallurgy and the production of optical materials. Tsvetnye metally, 2020, no. 11, pp. 54–62.
2. Volkov A.I., Stulov P.E., Leontyev L.I., Uglov V.A. Analysis of the use of rare-earth metals in the ferrous metallurgy of Russia and the world. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy, 2020, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 405–418.
3. Kablov E.N., Ospennikova O.G., Vershkov A.V. Rare metals and rare earth elements – materials of modern and future high technologies. Trudy VIAM, 2013, no. 2, pp. 3–13. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: April 10, 2026).
4. Bazyleva O.A., Arginbayeva E.G., Lutskaya S.A. Ways of increasing corrosion resistance of superalloys (review). Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 4 (64), pp. 3–8. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: 10.04.2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-4-3-8.
5. Nochovnaya N.A., Khorev A.L., Yakovlev A.I. Prospects for Alloying Titanium Alloys with Rare-Earth Elements. Metallovedeniye i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 2013, no. 8, рр. 18–23.
6. Yu L., Wang J., Qu F. et al. Effects of scandium addition on microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties of cast Be–Al alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, vol. 737, pp. 655–664. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.12.117.
7. Nerush S.V., Kaplanskii Yu.Yu., Dynin N.V., Benarieb I., Savichev I.D. Development of laser powder bed fusion parameters, structure and mechanical properties of a high-strength aluminum alloy Al–Ce–Cu. Trudy VIAM, 2023, no. 1 (119), pp. 50–68. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: April 10, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2023-0-1-50-68.
8. Volkova E.F., Mostyaev I.V., Akinina M.V., Alikhanyan A.A. Studies of the regularities of the heat treatment influence on the structure, phase composition and mechanical properties of medium-sized forgings made of heat-resistant alloy of the Mg‒Zn‒Zr‒REE system. Trudy VIAM, 2024, no. 1 (131), pp. 13–26. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: April 10, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-1-13-26.
9. Buzenkov A.V., Burkanov M.V., Valeev R.A., Piskorsky V.P. Influence of alloying elements and production technology on the properties of sintered magnets Pr(Nd)–Dy(M)–Fe–Co–B (M: Tb, Ce, Sm). Trudy VIAM, 2024, no. 6 (136), pp. 69–79. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: April 10, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-6-69-79.
10. Dvoretskaya E.V., Potapov M.V., Piskorsky V.P., Morgunov R.B. Restoration of amorphous atomic structure and magnetic domains in RE‒TM‒B microwires by thermal and laser processing. Trudy VIAM, 2026, no. 2 (156), pp. 127–138. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: April 10, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2026-0-2-127-138.
11. Doronin O.N., Artemenko N.I., Stekhov P.A., Voronov V.A. Deposition of ceramic layers of heat protection coatings based on the system Gd2O3–ZrO2–HfO2 and Sm2O3–Y2O3–HfO2. Aviation materials and technologies, 2022, no. 3 (68), pp. 108–119. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: April 10, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-3-108-119.
12. Artemenko N.I., Tatarnikov S.V., Doronin O.N. Investigation of the influence of the parameters of applying the ceramic layer of the ZrO2–7 % Y2O3 heat-shielding coating by plasma spraying on the productivity of the technological process. Trudy VIAM, 2023, no. 4 (122), pp. 69–80. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: April 10, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2023-0-4-69-80.
13. Varfolomeev M.S., Shcherbakova G.I. Refractory compositions designed for highly heat-resistant ceramic molds in foundry practice. Refractories and Industrial Ceramics, 2018, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 290–295.
14. Petrov I.A., Shlyaptseva A.D. Effect of Rare-Earth Elements on the Crystallization Process of Eutectic-Type Silumin. Metally, 2022, no. 2, pp. 19–27.
15. Liu Q.Y., Li Q.C., Liu Q.F. Modification of aluminum-silicon alloys with sodium. Acta Metallurgical et Materialia, 1991, vol. 39, pp. 2497–2502.
16. Fracchia E., Gobber F.S., Rosso M. Effect of Alloying Elements on the Sr Modification of Al–Si Cast Alloys. Metals, 2021, vol. 11, p. 342.
17. Petrov I.A., Ryakhovsky A.P., Predko P.Yu., Mayorov D.I., Fedortsov R.S. Effect of complex modification on the structure of complex-alloyed hypereutectic silumin. Perspektivnye materialy, 2025, no. 1, pp. 39–51. DOI: 10.30791/1028-978X-2025-1-39-51.
18. Stroganov G.B., Rotenberg V.A., Gershman G.B. Aluminum-Silicon Alloys. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1977, 272 p.
19. Petrov I.A., Ryakhovsky A.P., Shlyaptseva A.D. et al. Investigation of the effect of certain rare-earth elements on the structure and properties of hypereutectic silumin. Tekhnologiya legkikh splavov, 2023, no. 2, pp. 11–19.
20. Li B., Wang H., Jie J., We Z. Effects of yttrium and heat treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties of Al–7,5Si–0,5Mg alloy. Materials and Design, 2011, vol. 32, pp. 1617–1622.
21. Nikitin K.V., Nikitin V.I., Timoshkin I.Yu., Deev V.B. Effect of melt modification with aluminum-based master alloys containing rare-earth and alkaline-earth metal additives on the structure and properties of hypoeutectic silumins. Metallurg, 2021, no. 6, pp. 81–86.
22. Tsai Y.C., Lee S.L., Lin C.K. Effect of trace Ce addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of A356 (AL–7SI–0,35Mg) aluminum alloys. Journal of Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2011, vol. 34, pp. 609–616.
23. Qiu H., Yan H., Hu Z. Effect of samarium (Sm) addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Al–7Si–0,7Mg alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2013, vol. 567, pp. 77–81.
24. Mao F., Liu S., He Y. et al. Effect of Rare Earth Dy (dysprosium) on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Hypereutectic Al–Si Alloy. International Journal of Metalcasting, 2025, vol. 19, pp. 1048–1066. DOI: 10.1007/s40962-024-01366-w.
25. Wang Q., Shi Z., Li H. et al. Effects of Holmium Additions on Microstructure and Properties of A356 Aluminum Alloys. Metals, 2018, vol. 8, p. 849.
26. Shi Z.M., Wang Q., Zhao G., Zhang R.Y. Effects of erbium modification on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 aluminum alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2015, vol. 626, pp. 102–107.
27. Li J.H., Suetsugu S., Tsunekaw Y., Schumacher P. Refinement of eutectic Si phase in Al–5Si alloys with Yb additions. Metallurgical and Materials Transaction A, 2012, vol. 44, pp. 669–681.
28. Petrov I.A., Telitsyna O.V. Investigation of the effect of certain rare-earth elements on the properties of eutectic-type silumin. Tekhnologiya legkikh splavov, 2021, no. 1, pp. 54–59.
29. Detkov P.G., Drobot D.V. History of the discovery of rare-earth elements. Samarium, europium, and gadolinium. Tsvetnyye metally, 2024, no. 5, pp. 84–90.
30. Nogita K., Yasuda H., Yoshiya M. et al. The role of trace element segregation in the eutectic modification of hypoeutectic Al–Si alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010, vol. 489, is. 2, pp. 415–420.
31. Lu S., Hellawell A. The mechanism of silicon modification in aluminum-silicon alloys: Impurity induced twinning. Metallurgical and Materials Transaction A, 1987, vol. 18, pp. 1721–1733.
32. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Eds. W.M. Haynes, D.R. Lide. 95th ed. CRC Press: Boca Raton, 2014, 2704 p.
33. Petrov I.A., Trapeznikov A.V., Reshetnikov Yu.V., Vorobyova E.I. Prospects for application of europium to improve the performance properties of casting aluminum alloys. Trudy VIAM, 2026, no. 3 (157), pp. 54–65. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: April 10, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2026-0-3-66-84.
34. Li J.H., Wangb X.D., Ludwig T.H. et al. Modification of eutectic Si in Al–Si alloys with Eu addition. Acta Materialia, 2015, vol. 84, pp. 153–163.
35. Mao F., Qiao Y., Zhang P. et al. Modification Mechanism of Rare Earth Eu on Eutectic Si in Hypoeutectic Al–Si Alloy. International Journal of Metalcasting, 2022, vol. 16, pp. 634–645.
36. Li J.H., Ludwig T.H., Oberdorfer B., Schumacher P. Solidification behaviour of Al–Si based alloys with controlled additions of Eu and P. International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 2018, vol. 31 (6), pp. 319–331. DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2018.1480891.
37. Barrirero J., Pauly C., Engstler M. et al. Eutectic modification by ternary compound cluster formation in Al–Si alloys. Scientific Reports, 2019, vol. 9, p. 5506. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41919-2.
38. Mao F., Yan G., Xuan Z. et al. Effect of Eu addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of A356 aluminum alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015, vol. 650, pp. 896–906. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.06.266.
39. Li J., Fredrik H., Manfred W. et al. The roles of Eu during the growth of eutectic Si in Al–Si alloys. Scientific Reports, 2015, vol. 5 (1), p. 13802. DOI: 10.1038/srep13802.
40. Spacil I., Gehringer D., Holec D. et al. Elucidating effects of Eu and P on solidification and precipitation of Al–7Si–0,3Mg based alloys refined by Ta and TiB2. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2024, vol. 978, p. 173343. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.173343.
41. Ou C., Xiao C., Tang S. et al. Effect of the co-addition of Eu and Er on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–9,5Si–2Cu–0,6Mg alloy. Materials Letters, 2025, vol. 382, p. 137848. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137848.
42. Mao F., Wei S., Ou L. et al. Different Influences of Rare Earth Eu Addition on Primary Si Refinement in Hypereutectic Al–Si Alloys with Varied Purity. Materials, 2019, vol. 12 (21), p. 3505. DOI: 10.3390/ma12213505.
43. Guo J., Mao F., Zhang G. et al. Dual Modification of Hypereutectic Al–Si Alloy and Spheroidization Mechanism of Primary Silicon with Eu Addition. International Journal of Metalcasting, 2024, vol. 18, pp. 2562–2578. DOI: 10.1007/s40962-023-01198-0.
44. Mao F., Zhang L., Guo J. et al. The Effect of Eu and T6 heat treatment on Microstructure of A390 Alloys. International Journal of Metalcasting, 2026, vol. 20, pp. 1379–1392. DOI: 10.1007/s40962-025-01649-w.
45. Mao F., Guo J.L., Liu S.H. et al. Spheroidization mechanism of primary silicon in hypereutectic Al–Si alloys with Eu addition. Rare Metals, 2025, vol. 44, pp. 7940–7955. DOI: 10.1007/s12598-025-03504-7.
46. Merkus H.G. Particle Size Measurements: Fundamentals, Practice, Quality. Berlin: Springer, 2009, 534 p.
47. Belov N.A. Phase Composition of Commercial and Advanced Aluminum Alloys: Monograph. Moscow: MISiS Publ. House, 2010, 511 p.
48. Merkushkin E.A., Berezovskaya V.V., Baraz V.R. Statistical Processing of Experimental Data in Materials Science: Teaching Aid. Ekaterinburg: Ural Univ. Press, 2022, 232 p.
49. Flood S.C., Hunt J.D. Modification of Al–Si eutectic alloys with Na. Metal Science, 1981, vol. 15, pp. 287–294.
50. Timpel M., Wanderka N., Schlesiger R. et al. The role of strontium in modifying aluminium-silicon alloys. Acta Materialia, 2012, vol. 60, is. 9, pp. 3920–3928. DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.03.031.
51. Day M.G., Hellawell A. The microstructure and crystallography of aluminium silicon eutectic alloys. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1968, vol. 305, pp. 473–491.

Pages:: 38-49

Keywords: 1163-AT aluminum alloy sheets, polymer quenching medium, polyethylene oxide, low-distortion hardening, reduction of distortion, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, quenching heat treatment, cooling rate

Reference List

1. Koptyug V.A., Fridlyander I.N., Mikhailova I.F. et al. Quenching media with polymer additives for low-distortion quenching of aluminum alloys. Physical Metallurgy of Aluminum Alloys. Moscow: Nauka, 1985, pp. 55–60.
2. Mikhailova I.F., Tikhonova L.A., Bukhatkina N.V. Development of quenching media for aluminum alloys based on aqueous polymer solutions. Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1980, 26 p.
3. Nefedova Yu.N., Shlyapnikova T.A., Ivanov A.L., Sedelnikov V.V. Methods for reducing residual stresses during hardening of high-strength aluminum alloys. Trudy VIAM, 2023, no. 7 (125), pp. 23–33. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 20, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2023-0-7-23-33.
4. Fridlyander I.N. Wrought Aluminum Structural Alloys. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1979, pp. 160–163.
5. Lyuty V. Quenching Media: A Handbook. Chelyabinsk: Metallurgiya, 1990, 192 p.
6. Kolobnev N.I., Senatorova O.G. Patterns of property changes in aluminum alloys during quenching. Physical Metallurgy of Aluminum and Its Alloys: A Handbook. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1983, pp. 143–180.
7. Shpagin A.S., Bazhenov A.R., Antipov K.V., Oglodkova Yu.S. Construction of a rheological model of deformable aluminum alloy 1163 for computer simulation of metal pressure processes. Trudy VIAM, 2024, no. 10 (140), pp. 24–33. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 17, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-10-24-33.
8. Bates C., Totten G.E. Method for selecting a quenching medium for aluminum parts. Promyshlennaya teplotekhnika, 1989, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 86–100.
9. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.
10. Shneider G.L. Solid solution stability and hardenability of industrial aluminum alloy semi-finished products. Tekhnologiya legkikh splavov, 2003, no. 10, pp. 89–96.
11. Illarionov E.I., Kolobnev N.I., Gorbunov P.Z., Kablov E.N. Aluminum Alloys in Aerospace Engineering. Ed. E.N. Kablov. Moscow: Nauka, 2001, 192 p.
12. Laptev A.B., Zakirova L.I., Zagorskikh O.A., Pavlov M.R. Methods of investigation of the processes of corrosion-mechanical destruction and hydrogenation of metals (review). Part 3. Corrosion cracking of aluminum alloys. Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 6 (112), pp. 138–149. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: March 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-6-138-149.
13. Kravchenko D.V., Kozlov I.A., Nikiforov A.A., Tolmachev Yа.V. The influence of 1163-AT aluminium alloy surface preparation on the adhesion of electroplated coatings. Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 7 (113), pp. 74–88. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: March 20, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-7-74-88.
14. Shneider G.L. Quench cracks in aluminum alloy semi-finished products. Technologiya legkikh splavov, 1992, no. 11–12, pp. 21–23.
15. MacKenzie S. Quenching Aluminum for Residual Stress and Distortion Control. Journal of Heat Treatment of Materials, 2020, vol. 75, pp. 23–34.
16. Low-distortion quenching of aluminum alloys: pat. 2574928 Rus. Federation; appl. 14.11.14; publ. 10.02.16.
17. Goryushin V.V., Shevchenko S.Yu. On the industrial application of polymer quenching media. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 2010, no. 6 (660), pp. 26–30.
18. Shevchenko S.Yu. Comparative assessment of the technological capabilities of polymer quenching media. Nauka i obrazovanie, 2014, no. 3, pp. 339–356.
19. Koptyug V.A., Fridlyander I.N., Bedarev A.S. et al. Investigation of the properties of aluminum alloys after quenching in an aqueous solution of alkylphenol and high-molecular-weight polyethylene oxide. Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983, pp. 2–16.
20. Sverdlin A.V., Totten G.E., Bates C., Jarvis L.M. Application of the quench factor to predict the properties of polymer quenchants. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 1996, no. 6, pp. 14–17.
21. Sverdlin A.V., Totten G.E., Webster G.M. Polyalkylene glycol-based quenchants for the heat treatment of aluminum alloys. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 1996, no. 6, pp. 17–19.
22. Ivanov A.L., Sidelnikov V.V., Nechaikina T.A., Kozlova O.Yu. Effect of low-distortion quenching on the complex of properties of aluminum alloy sheet parts. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 2021, no. 10, pp. 9–15. DOI: 10.30906/mitom.2021.10.9-15.
23. Bolotova E.M., Tsukrov S.L., Isyakaev K.T. Quenching of 7050 alloy forgings with cooling in a water-polymer medium. Tsvetnye metally, 2009, no. 4, pp. 75–77.
24. Shevchenko S.Yu., Smirnov A.E., Kirillov I.V., Kurpyakova N.A. Investigation of quenching cooling in gas media. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 2016, no. 8 (734), pp. 15–19.
25. Ivanov A.L., Senatorova O.G., Mitasov M.M. et al. Cooling kinetics of aluminum alloy sheet parts during low-distortion quenching in a polymer medium. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 2017, no. 11 (749), pp. 31–36.
26. Komov V.I., Davydov V.G., Ber L.B., Tsukrov S.L. Aqueous-polymer quenching medium for optimizing cooling during quenching. Tekhnologiya legkikh splavov, 1998, no. 4, pp. 23–29.
27. Ivanov A.L., Shlyapnikova T.A., Somov A.V., Selivanov A.A., Benarieb I., Mitasov M.M., Oleinik I.I., Polovyanenko D.N. Low-deformation quenching of sheets of aluminum alloy V95pch in a low-concentration water-polymer medium based on domestic components. Aviation materials and technologies, 2025, no. 3 (80), pp. 47–62. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: March 26, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2025-0-3-47-62.

Pages:: 50-63

Keywords: titanium alloys, gas-saturated layer, oxidation, oxide layer, rutile, X-ray diffraction analysis, fractography

Reference List

1. Makushina M.A., Kochetkov A.S., Nochovnaya N.A. Cast titanium alloys for aviation equipment (review). Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 7 (101), pp. 39–47. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 05, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-7-39-47.
2. Pavlova T.V., Kashapov O.S., Kalashnikov V.S., Kondrateva A.R. Industrial development of manufacturing large-size forgings from heat-resistant titanium alloy VT41 for welded assemblies of aircraft products. Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 9 (115), pр. 39–57. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 05, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-9-39-57.
3. Zavarzin S.V., Duyunova V.A., Fomina M.A. High-temperature corrosion of titanium alloys (review). Trudy VIAM, 2023, no. 4 (122), рр. 27–39. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 05, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2023-0-4-27-39.
4. Shiryaev A.A., Krohina V.A., Putyrskiy S.V., Anisimova A.Yu. The influence of heat treatment parameters on mechanical properties and structure of semi-finished products made of high-strength titanium alloy VT23M. Trudy VIAM, 2025, no. 8 (150), pp. 67–75. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 05, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2025-0-8-67-75.
5. Williams J.C., Boyer R.R. Opportunities and issues in the application of titanium alloys for aerospace components. Metals, 2020, vol. 10. DOI: 10.3390/met10060705.
6. Solonina O.P., Glazunov S.G. Modern Heat-Resistant Titanium Alloys and Prospects for Their Application in Engines. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1974, 448 p.
7. Antipov V.V. Prospects for development of aluminium, magnesium and titanium alloys for aerospace engineering. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 186–194. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-186-194.
8. Kashapov O.S., Pavlova T.V., Kalashnikov V.S., Zavodov A.V. The phenomenon of formation and low-temperature diffusion transformation of metastable solid solutions with the release of dispersed particles of intragranular Widmanstatten alpha phase in heat-resistant titanium. Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 8 (68), pp. 3–22. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 05, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-8-3-22.
9. Kablov E.N., Kashapov O.S., Medvedev P.N., Pavlova T.V. Study of a α+β-titanium alloy based on a system of Ti–Al–Sn–Zr–Si–β-stabilizing alloying elements. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2020, no. 1 (58), pp. 30–37. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2020-0-1-30-37.
10. Kofstad P. High-Temperature Oxidation of Metals. Moscow: Mir, 1969, 392 p.
11. Kornilov I.I., Glazova V.V. On the formation of Ti6O and Ti3O compounds in the titanium–oxygen system. Doklady akademii nauk SSSR, 1963, vol. 150, no. 2, pp. 313–316.
12. Okamoto H. O-Ti (Oxygen-Titanium). Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, 2011, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 473–474. DOI: 10.1007/s11669-011-9935-5.
13. Lavissea L., Greveya D., Langladeb C., Vannes B. The early stage of the laser-induced oxidation of titanium substrates. Applied Surface Science, 2002, vol. 186, pp. 150–155. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-4332(01)00761-9.
14. Poquillon D., Parrens C., Pugliara A. et al. Oxidation of Ti–6Al–4V alloy between 450 and 600°C. Evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties. MATEC Web of Conferences, 2020, vol. 321, p. 06009. DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/202032106009.
15. Pei X., Wu J., Xu Z., Li P. Analysis of High Temperature Oxidation Process and Mechanism of Heterogeneous Titanium Alloy. Crystals, 2025, no. 15, p. 810. DOI: 10.3390/cryst15090810.
16. Latief H., Sherif El-Sayed M., Wismogroho Agus S. et al. The Cyclic Oxidation and Hardness Characteristics of Thermally Exposed Titanium Prepared by Inductive Sintering-Assisted Powder Metallurgy. Crystals, 2020, no. 10, p. 104. DOI: 10.3390/cryst10020104.
17. Guleryuz H., Cimenoglu H. Oxidation of Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2009, vol. 472, is. 1–2, pp. 241–246. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.04.024.
18. Baillieux J., Poquillon D., Malard B. Observation using synchrotron X-ray diffraction of the crystallographic evolution of α-titanium after oxygen diffusion. Philosophical Magazine Letters, 2015, vol. 95, no. 5, pp. 245–252. DOI: 10.1080/09500839.2015.1014876.
19. Baillieux J., Poquillon D., Malard B. Relationship between the volume of the unit cell of hexagonal-close-packed Ti, hardness and oxygen content after α-case formation in Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo–0.1Si alloy. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2016, no. 49 (1), pp. 175–181. DOI: 10.1107/S1600576715022906.
20. Kashapov O.S., Reshetilo L.P., Naprienko S.A., Medvedev P.N. Effect of oxidation on the mechanical properties and surface condition of the heat-resistant titanium alloy VT41. Zavodskaya laboratoriya. Diagnostika materialov, 2023, vol. 89, no. 2-1, pp. 63–75. DOI: 10.26896/1028-6861-2023-89-2-I-63-75.
21. Zwicker U. Titanium and Its Alloys. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1979, 511 p.

Pages:: 64-71

Keywords: magnesium alloys, powders, additive manufacturing, gas atomization, mechanical alloying, oxide film

Reference List

1. Kablov E.N., Kondrashov S.V., Melnikov A.A., Schur P.A. Application of functional and adaptive materials obtained by 3D printing (review). Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 2 (108), pp. 32–51. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: May 22, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-2-32-51.
2. Kablov E.N. New-Generation Materials and Digital Technologies for Their Processing. Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, 2020, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 331‒334.
3. Kablov E.N., Akinina M.V., Volkova E.F., Mostyaev I.V., Leonov A.A. The research of aspects of phase composition and fine structure of magnesium alloy ML9 in the as-cast and heat-treated conditions. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2020, no. 2 (59), pp. 17‒24. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2020-0-2-17-24.
4. Kablov E.N., Belov E.V., Trapeznikov A.V., Leonov A.A., Zaitsev D.V. Strengthening features and aging kinetics of high-strength cast aluminum alloy AL4MS based on Al–Si–Cu–Mg system. Aviation materials and technologies, 2021, no. 2 (63), pp. 24–34. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: June 08, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-2-24-34.
5. Gupta M., Wong W.L.E. Magnesium-based nanocomposites: Lightweight materials of the future. Materials Characterization, 2015, vol. 105, pp. 30‒46.
6. Czerwinski F. Magnesium alloy powders for powder metallurgy. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2014, vol. 601, pp. 1‒13.
7. Fan J., Yang C., Han G. et al. Oxidation behavior of ignition-proof magnesim alloys with rare earth addition. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2011, vol. 509, pp. 2137‒2142.
8. Volkova E.F., Akinina M.V., Mostyaev I.V., Duyunova V.A., Alikhanyan A.A. The magnesium–gadolinium system is a new step in the development of promising magnesium alloys. Trudy VIAM, 2026, no. 5 (159), pp. 25–41. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: July 25, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2026-0-5-25-41.
9. Cetin T., Akkas M., Boz M. Investigation of the effect of gas pressure on powder characterization of AM60 magnesium alloy powder produced by gas atomization method. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 2020, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 967‒977. DOI: 10.17341/gazimmfd. 497759.
10. Kainer K.U. Magnesium Alloys and Their Applications. Wiley, 2000, 789 p.
11. Cao Y., Zhu Y., Huang T. et al. Recent advances in manufacture and application of Mg/Mg alloy powder: A comprehensive review. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2025, vol. 263, pp. 140‒155. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2025.10.056.
12. Suryanarayana C. Mechanical alloying and milling. Progress in Materials Science, 2001, vol. 46, pp. 1‒184.
13. Yang R., Du P., Liu Y. et al. Research and application status of plasma rotating electrode process technology in additive manufacturing. Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng, 2026, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 95‒112. DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2024.000615.
14. Lee S., Kim S., Kim Y., Park S. PREP process for spherical magnesium powders. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, vol. 791, pp. 567‒576.
15. Dvorsky D., Kubasek J., Roudnicka M. et al. The effect of powder size on the mechanical and corrosion properties and the ignition temperature of WE43 alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1349‒1362. DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2020.12.012.
16. Staiger M.P., Pietak A.M., Huadmai J., Dias G. Magnesium and its alloys as orthopedic biomaterials: A review. Biomaterials, 2006, vol. 27, pp. 1728‒1734.
17. Sandlobes S., Zaefferer S., Schestakow I. et al. Ductility improvement of Mg alloys by rare earth elements: The role of segregation. Acta Materialia, 2012, vol. 60, pp. 3011‒3021.
18. Raun J.J.,Wang C.P. Experimental investigation of phase equilibria in the Mg‒Sn‒Ag system in the Mg-rich region. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015, vol. 639, pp. 593‒601.
19. Li J. Microstructure and properties of Mg‒Ag‒Sn‒Ca alloy prepared by powder metallurgy. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2025, vol. 13, no. 8, рр. 2505‒2516.
20. Sabour M.R., Taherkhani E., Rezaei A.R. et al. Solid-state recycling of magnesium and its alloys via plastic deformation: An overview of processing aтd properties. Journal of Materials Research and Tehnology, 2024, vol. 31, pp. 3117‒3148. DOI: 10.1016/ j.jmrt.2024.07.085.
21. Witte F., Eliezer A., Cohen S. et al. Biodegradable magnesium alloys: A review. Materials Science and Engineering B, 2010, vol. 176, pp. 1605‒1611

Pages:: 72-82

Keywords: polymer composite materials, stress relaxation, viscoelasticity, durability, forecasting, climatic impact, experimental data

Reference List

1. Kablov E.N., Startsev V.O. Climatic aging of polymer composite materials for aerospace applications. I. Assessment of the influence of significant exposure factors. Deformatsiya i razrusheniye materialov, 2019, no. 12, pp. 7–16.
2. Evdokimov A.A., Veshkin E.A., Kablov E.N., Laptev A.B., Barannikov A.A. Comprehensive assessment of the impact of operational and climatic testing on the strength properties of polymer composite materials with shaping at temperatures up to 40 °C. Part 1. Fiberglass of the VPS-58 brand. Trudy VIAM, 2025, no. 11 (153), pp. 23–37. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 15, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2025-0-11-23-37.
3. Kablov E.N., Startsev V.O., Laptev A.B. Aging of Polymer Composite Materials. Moscow: NRC «Kurchatov Institute» – VIAM, 2023, 536 p.
4. Laptev A.B., Nikolaev E.V., Kurchev E.V., Goryashnik Yu.S. Features of biodegradation of thermoplastics based on polyesters in different climatic zones. Trudy VIAM, 2019, no. 7 (79), рр. 84–91. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 15, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2019-0-7-84-91.
5. Laptev A.B., Pavlov M.R., Novikov A.A., Slavin A.V. Current trends in the development of testing materials for resistance to climate factors (review). Part 1. Testing of new materials. Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 1 (95), pp. 114–122. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 15, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-1-114-122.
6. Laptev A.B., Pavlov M.R., Novikov A.A., Slavin A.V. Current trends in the development of testing materials for resistance to climatic factors (review). Part 2. Main trends. Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 2 (96), pp. 99–108. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 15, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-2-99-108.
7. Startsev V.O., Antipov V.V., Slavin A.V., Gorbovets M.A. Modern domestic polymer composite materials for aviation industry (review). Aviation materials and technologies, 2023, no. 2 (71), pp. 122–144. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: March 29, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2023-0-2-122-144.
8. Strelyaev D.V., Umushkin B.P., Nikonov V.V. Advanced Composite Materials in Aviation and Aerospace Structures: A Textbook. Moscow: MSTUCA, 2011, 72 p.
9. Startsev V.O., Valevin E.O., Gulyaev A.I. The influence of polymer composite materials’ surface weathering on its mechanical properties. Trudy VIAM, 2020, no. 8 (90), pp. 64–76. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 19, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-8-64-76.
10. Composite Materials: A Handbook. Ed. V.V. Vasiliev and Yu.M. Tarnopolsky. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1990, 510 p.
11. Ponomarenko L.A. Mechanical properties of polymer composite materials based on knitted fillers with modified structure (review). Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 12 (118), pp. 76–86. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 19, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-12-76-86.
12. Ferry J. Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers. Moscow: Izdatinlit, 1963, 535 p.
13. Kravchuk A.S., Maiboroda V.P., Urzhumtsev Yu.S. Mechanics of Polymeric and Composite Materials: Experimental and Numerical Methods. Moscow: Nauka, 1985, 303 p.
14. Muhametov R.R., Petrova A.P., Ponomarenko S.A., Dolgova E.V., Pavlyuk B.F. Properties of binder EDT-69N and polymer composites on its basis. Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 4 (64), pp. 28–37. Available at: http//www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 15, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-4-28-37.
15. Kablov E.N., Startsev V.O. The Influence of Internal Stresses on the Aging of Polymer Composite Materials: a Review. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2021, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 565–576. DOI: 10.1007/s11029-021-09979-6.
16. Christensen R. Theory of Viscoelasticity: An Introduction. Moscow: Mir, 1974, 338 p.
17. Brinson H.F., Brinson L.C. Polymer Engineering Science and Viscoelasticity: An Introduction. New York: Springer, 2008, 482 p.
18. Findley W.N., Lai J.S., Onaran K. Creep and Relaxation of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Materials. New York: Dover Publications, 1989, 390 p.
19. Osyaev O.G., Taturin Yu.A., Kostin A.M., Zhukov A.V. Kinetic-phenomenological model for analyzing the creep of polymer composites under a complex stress-strain state. Perspektivnye inzhenernyye issledovaniya, 2011, no. 7, pp. 987–996.
20. Kachanov L.M. Fundamentals of Fracture Mechanics. Moscow: Nauka, 1974, 312 p.
21. Kravchenko O.L., Vildeman V.E. Boundary value problem of micromechanics of inelastic deformation of composites with anisotropic layers. Vestnik PNIPU. Mekhanika, 1996, no. 4, рр. 48–52.
22. Hashin Z. Analysis of Composite Materials – A Survey. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1983, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 481–505.
23. Nizina T.A., Nizin D.R., Spirin I.P., Kanaeva N.S. Relaxation characteristics of polymers based on epoxy binders. Polimery v stroitelstve, 2024, no. 1 (12), pp. 55–57. Available at: https://polymer.kgasu.ru/files/N12-12-2024.pdf (accessed: March 26, 2026).
24. Kayumov R.A., Shakirzyanov F.R., Gimranov L.R., Gimazetdinov A.R. Determination of the characteristics of a viscoelastic model of fiberglass based on the results of bending square pipes. Izvestiya Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitelnogo universiteta, 2022, no. 2 (60), pp. 37–44. DOI: 10.52409/20731523_2022_2_3.
25. Gavrilenko S.L., Shilko S.V. Identification of linear viscoelastic models of antifriction polymer composites based on the results of accelerated compression relaxation tests. Aktualnye voprosy mashinovedeniya, 2016, vol. 5, pp. 326–328.
26. Gladkikh A.V., Kurs I.S., Kurs M.G. Analysis of the data of full-scale climatic tests combined with the application of operational factors of nonmetallic materials (review). Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 10 (70), pp. 74–82. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 15, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-10-74-82.
27. Startsev O.V., Lebedev M.P., Blaznov A.N. Aging of polymer composite materials in a loaded state. Vse materialy. Entsiklopedicheskiy spravochnik, 2020, no. 10, pp. 7–18. DOI: 10.31044/1994-6260-2020-0-10-7-18.
28. State Standard 4648–2014. Plastics. Determination of flexural modulus. Moscow: Standartinform, 2015, 16 p.

Pages:: 83-93

Keywords: fire-resistant material VZO-9kh, intumescent coating, physicist-mechanical characteristics, operational factors, aggressive liquids

Reference List

1. Gabdulin R.Sh. Effective methods for fire protection of building structures. Bezopasnost, 2011, no. 1, рр. 48–49.
2. Krasheninnikova M.V. Intumescent fire-retardant materials based on organic-soluble film-forming agents. Lakokrasochnye materialy i ikh primenenie, 2006, no. 12, pp. 14–16.
3. Krasnov L.L., Kirina Z.V. Materials ensuring the reliability of structural elements under fire conditions. Vse materialy. Entsiklopedicheskiy spravochnik, 2012, no.10, pp. 48‒52.
4. Kondrashov S.V., Solovyanchik L.V., Larionov S.A., Volny O.S. Investigation of the effect of flame retardants on the flammability and fluidity of the melt of aliphatic polyamides. Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 2 (108), pp. 52–63. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 17, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-2-52-63.
5. Zybina O.A., Varlamov A.V., Chernova N.S., Mnatsakanov S.S. On the role and transformations of components of intumescent fire-retardant paint compositions during thermolysis. Zhurnal prikladnoy khimii, 2009, vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 1445–1449.
6. Dolgov O.N., Voronkov M.G., Grinblat M.P. Organosilicon liquid rubbers and materials based on them. Leningrad: Khimiya, 1975, 112 p.
7. Pavlovich A.V., Drinberg A.S., Mashlyakovsky L.N. Intumescent fire-retardant coatings. Lakokrasochnaya promyshlennost, 2012, no. 5, pр. 22–27.
8. Zaikov G.E. Combustion, degradation, and stabilization of polymers. St. Petersburg: Nauchnye osnovy i tekhnologii, 2008, 422 p.
9. Venediktova M.A., Evdokimov A.A., Krasnov L.L., Petrova A.P. Research of possibility of application of fireproof paste for increase of fire safety of designs from polymeric composite materials. Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 9 (103), pp. 67–75. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: October 07, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-9-67-75.
10. Kablov E.N. The role of fundamental research in the creation of new-generation materials. Abstracts of the XXI Mendeleev Congress on General and Applied Chemistry: in 6 vols. St. Petersburg, 2019, vol. 4, p. 24.
11. Kablov E.N. New-generation materials and digital technologies for their processing. Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, 2020, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 331–334.
12. Kablov E.N., Antipov V.V. The role of new-generation materials in ensuring the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation. Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, 2023, vol. 93, no. 10, pp. 907–916.
13. Avduevsky V.S., Galitseysky B.M., Glebov G.A. Fundamentals of heat transfer in aviation and aerospace engineering. Ed. V.K. Koshkin. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1975, 623 p.
14. Barbotko S.L., Volnyy O.S., Shurkova E.N. Creation of the phenomenological model describing change of the characteristic of combustibility (duration of residual burning) depending on thickness of polymeric material.  Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 10 (70), pp. 107–116. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: September 07, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-10-107-116.
15. Mukhametov R.R., Petrova A.P. Thermosetting Binders for Polymer Composite Materials: Textbook. Ed. E.N. Kablov. Moscow: NRC «Kurchatov Institute» – VIAM, 2021, 528 p.
16. Guseva M.A. Practical use of the rheological method in determining the conditions of production control and curing modes in the development of polymer binders. Trudy VIAM, 2025, no. 12 (154), pp. 3–11. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: December 23, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2025-0-12-3-11.

Pages:: 94-109

Keywords: semicrystalline polymers, high-performance thermoplastics, additive manufacturing, microstructure, phase morphology, spherulites, microscopy

Reference List

1. Shakhmurzova K.T., Kurdanova Zh.I., Khashirova S.Yu. et al. Polyetherketones: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Khimiya i khimicheskaya tekhnologiya, 2015, no. 3 (58), pp. 3–11.
2. Lyashenko E.Yu., Yakovleva K.A., Andreeva T.I. et al. Composite materials based on polyetheretherketone. Plasticheskie Massy, 2023, no. 1–2, pp. 11–13.
3. Shakhmurzova K.T., Kurdanova Zh.I., Zhansitov A.A. et al. Synthesis and properties of polyetherketoneketone (review). Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Tekhnologiya tekstil'noy promyshlennosti, 2024, no. 6 (414), pp. 49–66.
4. Morozova V.S., Ivanov М.S., Shestakov A.M., Pavlukovich N.G. The influence of the melt flow of polyetheretherketone on the characteristics of carbon fiber plastic based on it. Trudy VIAM, 2024, no. 1 (131), pp. 44–51. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: March 16, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-1-44-51.
5. Gurov D.A., Tsapenko A.N., Pavlukovich N.G. Effect of mutual stabilization of polyetherether-ketone and thermotropic liquid crystal polymers in polymer composites based on them for 3D printing. Trudy VIAM, 2024, no. 8 (138), pp. 3–18. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: March 16, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-8-3-18.
6. Gurov D.A., Tsapenko A.N., Pavlukovich N.G. Effect of mutual strengthening in polymer composites based on polyethereketone and thermotropic liquid crystal polymers obtained by 3D-printing. Trudy VIAM, 2024, no. 10 (140), pp. 45–62. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: March 16, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-10-45-62.
7. Yap T., Heathman N., Phillips T. et al. Additive manufacturing of polyaryletherketone (PAEK) polymers and their composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2023, vol. 266, art. 111019.
8. Hoskins T.J., Dearn K.D., Kukureka S.N. Mechanical performance of PEEK produced by additive manufacturing. Polymer testing, 2018, vol. 70, pp. 511–519.
9. Yi N., Davies R., Chaplin A. et al. Slow and fast crystallising polyaryletherketones (PAEKs) in 3D printing: Crystallisation kinetics, morphology, and mechanical properties. Additive manufacturing, 2021, vol. 39, art. 101843.
10. Chen P., Wang H., Su J. et al. Recent advances on high-performance polyaryletherketone materials for additive manufacturing. Advanced materials, 2022, vol. 34, art. 2200750.
11. Chanraksmey L., Zhao W., Han Y. et al. Recent advances in additive manufacturing of impact-resistant structures with high-performance polymers and their composites. Additive manufacturing frontiers, 2026, vol. 5, art. 200276.
12. Losev A.V., Gulyaev A.I., Zhuravleva P.L., Antyufeeva N.V. Effect of isothermal annealing on the crystallinity degree of polyetherketoneketone containing discrete carbon fibers. Trudy VIAM, 2026, no. 2 (156), pp. 58–72. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: March 16, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2026-0-2-58-72.
13. Gardner K.H., Hsiao B.S., Matheson Jr. R.R., Wood B.A. Structure, crystallization and morphology of poly(aryletherketoneketone). Polymer, 1992, vol. 33, pp. 2483–2495.
14. Jin L., Ball J., Bremner T., Sue H.-J. Crystallization behavior and morphological characterization of poly(etheretherketone). Polymer, 2014, vol. 55, pp. 5255–5265.
15. Perez-Martin H., Mackenzie P., Baidak A. et al. Crystallinity studies of PEKK and carbon fibre/PEKK composites: A review. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2021, vol. 223, art. 109127.
16. Korycki A., Carassus F., Tramis O. et al. Polyaryletherketone based blends: a review. Polymers, 2023, vol. 15, art. 3943.
17. Kablov E.N., Kondrashov S.V., Melnikov A.A., Pavlenko S.A., Guseva M.A., Pykhtin A.A., Larionov S.A. Investigation of the influence of the thermal regime of FDM printing on the structuring and warping of polyethylene samples. Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 7 (101), pp. 48–58. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: March 16, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-7-48-58.
18. Gulyaev A.I., Ishodzhanova I.V., Zhuravleva P.L. Application of optical microscopy method for the quantitative analysis of polymer composite material structure. Trudy VIAM, 2014, no. 7, pp. 51–56. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: March 16, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2014-0-7-7-7.
19. Choupin T., Fayolle B., Regnier G. et al. Isothermal crystallization kinetic modeling of poly(etherketoneketone) (PEKK) copolymer. Polymer, 2017, vol. 111, pp. 73–82.
20. Chelaghma S.A., de Almeida O., Margueres P. et al. Identification of isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(ether-ketone-ketone) based on spherulite growth measurements and enthalpic data. Polymer crystallization, 2020, vol. 3, art. e10141.
21. Bidabadi B.S., de Castro E.M., Carrola M. et al. Engineering the crystalline architecture for enhanced properties in fast-rate processing of poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) nanocomposites. ACS Applied engineering materials, 2024, vol. 2, pp. 2038−2054.
22. Zhong Y., Xu J., Zeng H. Blends of poly(etheretherketone) with a thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester. 1. The morphology, crystallization, and melting behavior. Polymer journal, 1992, vol. 24, pp. 999–1007.
23. Zhang R.-C., Xu Y., Lu Z. et al. Investigation on the crystallization behavior of poly(etheretherketone)/poly(phenylenesulfide) blends. Journal of applied polymer science, 2008, vol. 108, pp. 1829–1836.
24. Plummer C.J.G., Kausch H.-H. Deformation of thin films of poly(etheretherketone). Polymer, 1993, vol. 34, pp. 305–311.
25. Lee A., Wynn M., Quigley L. et al. Effect of temperature history during additive manufacturing on crystalline morphology of PEEK. Advances in industrial and manufacturing engineering, 2022, vol. 4, art. 100085.
26. Gulyaev A.I., Zhuravleva P.L. Methodological aspects of the phase morphology analysis in materials based on synthetic resins modified by thermoplastics (review). Trudy VIAM, 2015, no. 6, pp. 65–73. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: March 16, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2015-0-6-9-9.
27. Gulyaev A.I., Yakovlev N.O., Krylov V.D., Lashov O.A. Application of fractographic analysis in the study of interlayer fracture of PCM. Aviaсionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. 3 (48), pp. 65–73. DOI: 10.18577/9140-2071-2017-0-3-65-73.
28. Ko T.Y., Woo E.M. Changes and distribution of lamellae in the spherulites of poly(etheretherketone) upon stepwise crystallization. Polymer, 1996, vol. 37, pp. 1167–1175.
29. Wang Y., Beard J.D., Evans K.E., Ghita O. Unusual crystalline morphology of polyaryletherketones (PAEKs). RSC Advances, 2016, vol. 6, pp. 3198–3209.
30. Wang Y., Beard J.D., Evans K.E., Ghita O. Novel fibre-like crystals in thin films of polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Materials letters, 2016, vol. 184, pp. 112–118.
31. Diez-Pascual A.M., Naffakh M., Gonzalez-Dominguez J.M. et al. High performance PEEK/carbon nanotube composites compatibilized with polysulfones-I. Structure and thermal properties. Carbon, 2010, vol. 48, pp. 3485–3499.
32. Deng S., Lin Z., Cao L. et al. PPS/recycled PEEK/ carbon nanotube composites: Structure, properties and compatibility. Journal of applied polymer science, 2015, vol. 132, art. 42497.
33. Chen B., Berretta S., Evans K. et al. A primary study into graphene/polyetheretherketone (PEEK) nanocomposite for laser sintering. Applied surface science, 2018, vol. 428, pp. 1018–1028.
34. Gonzalez-Castillo E.I., Zitnan M., Torres Y. et al. Relation between chemical composition, morphology, and microstructure of poly(etheretherketone)/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite coatings obtained by electrophoretic deposition. Journal of materials science, 2022, vol. 57, pp. 5839–5854.
35. Zanjanijam A.R., Major I., Lyons J.G. et al. Fused filament fabrication of PEEK: A review of process-structure-property relationships. Polymers, 2020, vol. 12, art. 1665.
36. Comelli C.A., Yi N., van der Pol H., Ghita O. Morphology analysis of PEEK 450G using scanning electron microscopy directly on fast scanning calorimetry chips. Scientific reports, 2024, vol. 14, art. 18387.
37. Tsuji M., Kawamura H., Kawaguchi A., Katayama K.-I. TEM studies on solution-grown crystals of poly(aryl-ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK). Bulletin of the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, 1989, vol. 67, pp. 77–88.
38. Kawamura H., Tsuji M., Kawaguchi A., Katayama K.-I. TEM study on oriented thin films of poly(aryl-ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK). Bulletin of the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, 1990, vol. 68, pp. 41–52.
39. Lovinger A.J., Hudson S.D., Davis D.D. High-temperature crystallization and morphology of poly(aryletheretherketone). Macromolecules, 1992, vol. 25, pp. 1752–1758.
40. Cheng S.Z.D., Ho R.-M., Hsiao B.S., Gardner K.H. Polymorphism and crystal structure identification in poly(aryletherketoneketone)s. Macromolecular chemistry and physics, 1996, vol. 197, pp. 185–213.
41. Tan S., Su A., Luo J., Zhou E. Crystallization kinetics of poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) from its metastable melt. Polymer, 1999, vol. 40, pp. 1223–1231.
42. Hudson S.D., Davis D.D., Lovinger A.J. Semicrystalline morphology of poly(aryletheretherketone)/poly(etherimide) blends. Macromolecules, 1992, vol. 25, pp. 1759–1765.
43. Benedetti L., Brule B., Decraemer N. et al. Evolution of PEKK crystallization measured in laser sintering. Frontiers in manufacturing technology, 2022, vol. 2, art. 964450.
44. Bontempi M., Capozza R., Visani A. et al. Near-surface nanomechanics of medical-grade PEEK measured by atomic force microscopy. Polymers, 2023, vol. 15, art. 718.
45. Ivanov D.A., Jonas A.M. Isothermal growth and reorganization upon heating of a single poly(aryl-ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) spherulite, as imaged by atomic force microscopy. Macromolecules, 1998, vol. 31, pp. 4546–4550.
46. Ivanov D.A., Nysten B., Jonas A.M. Atomic force microscopy imaging of single polymer spherulites during crystallization: application to a semi-crystalline blend. Polymer, 1999, vol. 40, pp. 5899–5905.
47. Zhang R., Zhuravlev E., Androsch R., Schick C. Visualization of polymer crystallization by in situ combination of atomic force microscopy and fast scanning calorimetry. Polymers, 2019, vol. 11, art. 890.
48. Marinosci V., Chen K., Helthuis N.G.J. et al. Direct observation of the fracture behavior of the polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) spherulites. Journal of applied polymer science, 2024, vol. 141, art. e54764.
49. Pisani W.A., Radue M.S., Chinkanjanarot S. et al. Multiscale modeling of PEEK using reactive molecular dynamics modeling and micromechanics. Polymer, 2019, vol. 163, pp. 96–105.

Pages:: 110-121

Keywords: high-porous ceramic material, oxide fibers, catalyst, catalyst carrier, metastable phase of alumina, γ-Al2O3

Reference List

1. Leffler W.L. Petroleum Refining. 2nd ed., rev. Trans. from Engl. Moscow: Olimp-Business, 2004, 224 p.
2. Digne M., Raybaud P., Sautet P., Guillaume D., Toulhoat T. Atomic scale insights on chlorinated alumina surfaces. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2008, vol. 130, pp. 11030–11039.
3. Borutsky P.N. Catalytic Processes for Producing Branched-Structure Hydrocarbons. St. Petersburg: Professional, 2010, 724 p.
4. Knyazev A.V., Lavrov B.A. Modern Technologies for Producing Aluminum Hydroxide Feedstock for Catalyst Supports. Izvestiya SPbGTI (TU), 2021, no. 59 (84), pp. 37–46. DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2021-59-85-37-46.
5. Tagandurdyeva N., Naraev V.N., Postnov A.Yu., Maltseva N.V. Preparation of an Alumina Support for Hydrocarbon Isomerization Catalysts via Rehydration of Thermally Activated Gibbsite Products. Izvestiya SPbGTI (TU), 2018, no. 46 (72), pp. 16–21.
6. Tambasova D.P., Lyubyakina P.N., Antonov D.O., Kovaleva E.G. Heterogeneous Catalysts Based on Gamma-Alumina with Immobilized Xylanase for the Hydrolytic Degradation of Xylan. Vestnik YUUrGU. Ser.: Pishchevye i biotekhnologii, 2021, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 57–67. DOI: 10.14529/food210107.
7. Isupova L.A., Kovalenko O.N., Andreeva A.V. et al. Alumina-Based Catalysts and Supports Produced via Thermal Activation Technology. Kataliz v promyshlennosti, 2021, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 368–381.
8. Molchanov V.I., Ivanova A.S., Pakhomov N.A. et al. Scientific principles of catalyst preparation and technology. Kataliticheskiy byulleten, 2008, no. 48, pp. 13–37.
9. Knyazev A.V., Lavrov B.A. Modern production technologies for aluminum hydroxide raw materials for catalyst supports. Khimiya i khimicheskaya tekhnologiya. Khimiya i tekhnologiya neorganicheskikh veshchestv, 2021, no. 58 (84), pp. 37–46.
10. Bebyakina A.P., Farid M.I., Boretskaya A.V. et al. Industrial aluminum hydroxides. Communication 1. Phase composition and textural characteristics of industrial aluminum hydroxides/oxides. Kataliz v promyshlennosti, 2024, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 6–14. DOI: 10.18412/1816-0387-2024-2-6-14.
11. Bond G.C. Metal-catalysed reactions of hydrocarbons. Springer Science & Business Media, 2005. 666 р.
12. Ardiaca N.O., Bressa S.P., Alves J.A. et al. Kinetic study of the liquid-phase hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene and n-butenes on a commercial Pd/Al2O3 catalyst. Catalysis Today, 2001, vol. 64, pp. 205–215. DOI: 10.1016/S0920-5861(00)00524-1.
13. Gao X., Li W., Qiu B. et al. Promotion effect of sulfur impurity in alumina support on propane dehydrogenation. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2022, vol. 70, pp. 332–339. DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2022.02.048.
14. Balinova Ju.A., Stepanova E.V., Lugovoy A.A., Bondarenko E.S. Thermoluminescence of refractory oxides. Aviation materials and technologies, 2026, no. 1 (82), pp. 126–144. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: April 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2026-0-1-126-144.
15. Savritskiy A.N., Marakhovskiy P.S., Salimov I.E., Babashov V.G. Examination of the dependence of thermal conductivity on the density of a low-density thermal and sound insulation material based on glass fibers. Aviation materials and technologies, 2025, no. 3 (80), pp. 149–160. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: November 01, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2025-0-3-149-160.
16. Sudzhanskaya I.V., Lebedeva Yu.E., Vaganova M.L., Shchegoleva N.E. Parameters affecting on the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes based on cerium dioxide. Trudy VIAM, 2025, no. 1 (143), pp. 60–73. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 01, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2025-0-1-60-73.
17. Bespalov A.S., Salimov I.E., Yudin A.V. Imparting highly hydrophobic properties to a high-porous ceramic material with low-concentration solutions of fluoroparaffin in a supercritical carbon dioxide environment. Aviation materials and technologies, 2025, no. 1 (78), pp. 39‒48. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: October 27, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2025-0-1-39-48.
18. Buznik V.M., Babashov V.G., Bespalov A.S. et al. Fundamental research for improving and expanding the application areas of highly porous ceramic materials. The Role of Fundamental Research in Implementing Strategic Directions for the Development of Materials and Processing Technologies for the Period up to 2030: Proceedings of the 5th All-Rus. Sc. and Tech. Conf. Moscow, 2019, pp. 18–39.
19. Dedov A.G., Voloshin Y.Z., Loktev A.S., Buznik V.M., Belov A.S., Bespalov A.S. New heterogeneous catalytic system based on highly porous ceramic materials modified with immobilized d-metal cage complexes for H2 production from CH4. Mendeleev Communications, 2019, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 669–671. DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.11.022.
20. Isaeva E.A., Loktev A.S., Mukhin I.E., Bespalov A.S., Buznik V.M., Dedov A.G. New catalysts based on highly porous ceramic materials for the conversion of gas and renewable feedstocks into petrochemical products. Abstracts of the 14th Conf. «Physicochemical Problems of Renewable Energy». Chernogolovka, 2018, p. 105.
21. Chalupka K.A., Jozwiak W.K., Rynkowski J. et al. Partial oxidation of methane on NixAlBEA and NixSiBEA zeolite catalysts: Remarkable effect of preparation procedure and Ni content. Applied Catalysis B, 2014, vol. 146, pp. 227–236.
22. Voloshin Y.Z., Belaya I.G., Krämer R. Cage metal complexes: clathrochelates revisited. Heidelberg: Springer, 2017, p. 467. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56420-3.
23. Dedov A.G., Loktev A.S., Ivanov V.K. et al. Selective oxidation of methane to synthesis gas: cobalt- and nickel-based catalysts. Doklady Akademii Nauk, 2015, vol. 461, no. 4, pp. 426–432.
24. Kolpachkov E.D., Marakhovsky P.S., Petrova A.P., Volkov I.A., Shchur P.A., Lonsky S.L., Kurshev E.V., Chernyaeva I.Yu., Shvedov A.V. Investigation of the effect of ion-plasma treatment on the properties of reinforcing fillers and a hybrid composite material based on them. New-generation materials and technologies for advanced aviation and space hardware: Proceedings of the V All-Rus. Sc. and Tech. Conf. Moscow, 2021, pp. 87–90.
25. Shuldeshova P.M., Deev I.S., Zhelezina G.F. Features of destruction of SVM aramide fibers and structural organoplastics on their basis. Trudy VIAM, 2016, no. 2 (38), pp. 94–100. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 18, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2016-0-2-11-11.
26. Cherunova I.V., Rumyantsev E.V., Stefanova E.B., Tashpulatov S.Sh., Sabirova Z.A., Akhmedova Z.M. Investigation of the microstructure of fibrous materials for multicomponent functional thermal insulation. Izvestiye vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Tekhnologiya tekstilnoy promyshlennosti, 2020, no. 5 (389), pp. 39–45.
27. Tikhomirov A.S., Sorokina N.E., Avdeev V.V. Surface modification of carbon fiber with nitric acid solutions. Neorganicheskiye materialy, 2011, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 684–688.
28. Kobets L.P., Deev I.S. Carbon fibres: structure and mechanical properties. Composites Science and Technology, 1997, vol. 57, pp. 1571–1580.
29. Zhou R.-S., Snyder R.L. Structures and transformation mechanisms of the eta, gamma and theta transition aluminas. Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science, 1991, vol. 47, pp. 617–630. DOI: 10.1107/S0108768191002719.

Pages:: 122-129

Keywords: polylactide, nanoscale graphite plates, reduced graphene oxide, sliding friction, three-particle microcontact model, calculation of tribological parameters

Reference List

1. Rogovina S.Z., Gasymov M.M., Lomakin S.M. et al. Polylactide Composites Containing Various Carbon Nanofillers. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2023, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 1376–1383.
2. Rogovina S.Z., Lomakin S.M., Gasymov M.M. et al. Polymer composites based on polylactide and reduced graphene oxide. Polymer Science. Series D, 2023, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 161–167. DOI: 10.1134/s1995421223010252.
3. Gupta B., Kumar N., Panda K. et al. Energy efficient reduced graphene oxide additives: Mechanism of effective lubrication and antiwear properties. Scientific Reports, 2016, vol. 6, p. 18372. DOI: 10.1038/srep18372.
4. Stoimenov K., Kandeva M., Zagorski M., Panev P. Static and Kinetic Friction of 3D Printed Polymers and Composites. Tribology in Industry, 2024, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 97–106.
5. Aziz R., UlHaq M.I., Raina A. Effect of surface texturing on friction behaviour of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA). Polymer Testing, 2020, vol. 85, p. 106434.
6. Pawlak W. Wear and coefficient of friction of PLA-graphite composite in 3D printing technology. 24th International Conference engineering mechanics. Svratka, Czech Republic, 2018, pp. 649–652.
7. LAB 3DPRINT. Available at: http://lab3dprint.ru (accessed: November 21, 2025).
8. Kragelsky I.V., Dobychin M.N., Kombalov V.S. Basics of calculations for friction and wear. Moscow: Mechanical Engineering, 1977, 526 p.
9. Kujawa M., Przekop R., Pawlak W. et al. The influence of graphite addition on tribological properties of polylactide (PLA). Tribilogia, 2023, vol. 2, pp. 45–54.
10. Rogovina S.Z., Kuznetsova O.P., Gasymov M.M. et al. Polylactide compositions with carbon nanofillers: production, structure, properties. Vysokomolekulyarnye soyedineniya. Seriya B, 2024, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 140–155. DOI: 10.31857/S2308113924020057.
11. Horng J.-H. An Elliptic Elastic-Plastic Aspeity Microcontact Model for Rough Surfaces. Journal of Tribology, 1998, vol. 120, pp. 82–88.
12. Horng J.-H., Wei C.-C., Tsai H.-J., Shiu B.-C. A study of surface friction and particle friction between rough surfaces. Wear, 2009, vol. 267, pp. 1257–1263. DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2009.02.017.
13. Kogut L., Etsion I. A Static Friction Model for Elastic-Plastic Contacting Rough Surfaces. Transactions of the ASME, 2004, vol. 126, pp. 34–40. DOI: 10.1115/1.1609488.
14. Dimitrienko Yu.I., Kashkarov A.I. Finite element method for calculating the effective characteristics of spatially reinforced composites. Vestnik MGTU im. N.E. Baumana. Ser.: Estestvennye nauki, 2002, no. 2, pp. 95–108.
15. Grinyaev Y.V., Chertova N.V., Shilko E.V. Lagrangian Formalism for the Analysis of Acoustic Properties of Two-Phase Composite Materials with Damaged Interfaces. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2022, vol. 58, pp. 453–470.
16. Bhushan B., Nosonovsky M. Scale effects in friction using strain gradient plasticity and dislocation-assisted sliding (microslip). Acta Materialia, 2003, vol. 51, pp. 4331–4345.
17. Bhushan B., Nosonovsky M. Comprehensive model for scale effects in friction due to adhesion and two- and three-body deformation (plowing). Acta Materialia, 2004, vol. 52, pp. 2461–2474.
18. Cardoso P.H.M., de Oliveira M.F.L., de Oliveira M.G., da Silva Moreira Thiré R.M. 3D Printed Parts of Polylactic Acid Reinforced with Carbon Black and Alumina Nanofillers for Tribological Applications. Macromolecular Symposia, 2020, vol. 394, pp. 2000155-1–2000155-13.
19. Chern Sh.-Y., Chen Ya.-Yu., Liu W.-L., Horng J.-H. Contact Characteristics at Interface in Three-Body Contact Conditions with Rough Surfaces and Foreign Particles. Lubricants, 2022, vol. 10, pp. 164-1–164-21. DOI: 10.3390/lubricants10070164.
20. Sutyagin V.M., Kukurina O.S., Bondaletov V.G. Basic properties of polymers: a tutorial. Tomsk: Publ. house of Tomsk Polytechnic University, 2010, 96 p.

Pages:: 130-144

Keywords: bio-inspired fastening zone, fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), free and loaded hole, stress concentration, bolt and rivet connection, curvilinear reinforcement structure, additive technology of 3D printing

Reference List

1. Camanho P.P., Matthews F.L. Stress analysis and strength prediction of mechanically fastened joints in FRP: a review. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 1997, no. 28, pp. 529–547.
2. Malakhov A.V., Polilov A.N., Li D., Tian X. Increasing the bearing capacity of composite plates in the zone of bolted joints by using curvilinear trajectories and a variable fiber volume fraction. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2021, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 287–300. DOI: 10.1007/s11029-021-09954-1.
3. Polilov A.N. Mechanisms of stress concentration reduction in fiber composites. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 2014, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 154–163. DOI: 10.1134/S0021894414010180.
4. Wegst U.G.K., Bai H., Saiz E. et al. Bioinspired structural materials. Nature Materials, 2015, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 23–36. DOI: 10.1038/nmat4089.
5. Velasco‐Hogan A., Xu J., Meyers M.A. Additive manufacturing as a method to design and optimize bioinspired structures. Advanced Functional Material, 2018, no. 30, art. 1800940. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800940.
6. Malakhov A.V., Polilov A.N. Construction of trajectories of the fibers which bypass a hole and their comparison with the structure of wood in the vicinity of a knot. Journal of Machinery Manufacture and Reliability, 2013, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 306–311. DOI: 10.3103/S1052618813040080.
7. Jia Z., Wang L. 3D printing of biomimetic composites with improved fracture toughness. Acta Materialia, 2019, no. 173, pp. 61–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2019.04.052.
8. Zhao S., Wu N., Wang Q. Load path-guided fiber trajectory in composite panels: A comparative study and a novel combined method. Composite Structures, 2021, vol. 263, art. 113689. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113689.
9. Malakhov A.V., Polilov A.N. Design of composite structures reinforced curvilinear fibres. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2016, vol. 87, pp. 23–28. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.04.005.
10. Li N., Link G., Wang T. et al. Path-designed 3D printing for topological optimized continuous carbon fibre reinforced composite structures. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2020, vol. 182, art. 107612. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107612.
11. Shafighfard T., Cender T.A., Demir E. Additive manufacturing of compliance optimized variable stiffness composites through short fiber alignment along curvilinear paths. Additive Manufacturing, 2021, vol. 37, art. 101728. DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2020.101728.
12. Malakhov A.V., Polilov A.N. Design algorithm of rational fiber trajectories in arbitrarily loaded composite plate. Journal of Machinery Manufacture and Reliability, 2017, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 479–487. DOI: 10.3103/S1052618817050090.
13. Caminero M.A., Chacón J.M., García-Moreno I., Rodríguez G.P. Impact damage resistance of 3D printed continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites using fused deposition modelling. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2018, vol. 148, pp. 93–103. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.04.054.
14. Huang J., Haftka R.T. Optimization of fiber orientations near a hole for increased load-carrying capacity of composite laminates. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2005, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 335–341. DOI: 10.1007/s00158-005-0519-z.
15. Cho H., Rowlands R. Optimizing Fiber Direction in Perforated Orthotropic Media to Reduce Stress Concentration. Journal of Composite Materials, 2009, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 1177–1198. DOI: 10.1177/0021998308103608.
16. Zhu Y., Liu J., Liu D. et al. Fiber path optimization based on a family of curves in composite laminate with a center hole. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2017, vol. 111, pp. 91–102. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.11.051.
17. Zhu Y., Qin Y., Qi S. et al. Variable angle tow reinforcement design for locally reinforcing an open-hole composite plate. Composite Structures, 2018, vol. 202, pp. 162–169. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.01.021.
18. Khan S., Fayazbakhsh K., Fawaz Z., Nik M.A. Curvilinear variable stiffness 3D printing technology for improved open-hole tensile strength. Additive Manufacturing, 2018, vol. 24, pp. 378–385. DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2018.10.013.
19. Pyl L., Kalteremidou K.-A., Hemelrijck D.V. Exploration of the design freedom of 3D printed continuous fibre-reinforced polymers in open-hole tensile strength tests. Composites Science and Technology, 2019, vol. 171, pp. 135–151. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.12.021.
20. Tian X., Liu T., Yang C. et al. Interface and performance of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2016, vol. 88, pp. 198–205. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.05.032.
21. Matsuzaki R., Nakamura T., Sugiyama K. et al. Effects of set curvature and fiber bundle size on the printed radius of curvature by a continuous carbon fiber composite 3D printer. Additive Manufacturing, 2018, vol. 24, pp. 93–102. DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2018.09.019.
22. Dickson A.N., Ross K.-A., Dowling D.P. Additive manufacturing of woven carbon fibre polymer composites. Composite Structures, 2018, vol. 206, pp. 637–643. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.08.091.
23. Sugiyama K., Matsuzaki R., Ueda M. et al. 3D printing of composite sandwich structures using continuous carbon fiber and fiber tension. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2018, vol. 113, pp. 114–121. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.07.029.
24. Klift F., Koga Y., Todoroki A. et al. 3D printing of continuous carbon fibre reinforced thermo-plastic (CFRTP) tensile test specimens. Open Journal of Composite Materials, 2016, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 18–27. DOI: 10.4236/ojcm.2016.61003.
25. Chacón J.M., Caminero M.A., Núñez P.J. et al. Additive manufacturing of continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites using fused deposition modelling: Effect of process parameters on mechanical properties. Composites Science and Technology, 2019, vol. 181, art. 107688. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107688.
26. Justo J., Távara L., García-Guzmán L., París F. Characterization of 3D printed long fibre reinforced composites. Composite Structures, 2018, vol. 185, pp. 537–548. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.11.052.
27. Dutra T.A., Ferreira R.T.L., Resende H.B., Guimarães A. Mechanical characterization and asymptotic homogenization of 3D-printed continuous carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2019, vol. 41, art. 133. DOI: 10.1007/s40430-019-1630-1.
28. Malakhov A.V., Polilov A.N., Zhang J. et al. A modeling method of continuous fiber paths for additive manufacturing (3D printing) of variable stiffness composite structures. Applied Composite Materials, 2020, vol. 27, pp. 185–208. DOI: 10.1007/s10443-020-09804-8.
29. Sugiyama K., Matsuzaki R., Malakhov A. et al. 3D printing of optimized composites with variable fiber volume fraction and stiffness using continuous fiber. Composites Science and Technology, 2020, vol. 186, art. 107905. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107905.
30. Hou Z., Tian X., Zhang J. et al. Optimization design and 3D printing of curvilinear fiber reinforced variable stiffness composites. Composite Science and Technology, 2021, vol. 201, art. 108502. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108502.
31. Huang Y., Tian X., Zheng Z. et al. Multiscale concurrent design and 3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites with optimized fiber trajectory and topological structure. Composite structures, 2022, vol. 285, art. 115241. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115241.
32. Guo Z., Hou Z., Tian X. et al. Optimization design and 3D printing of curvilinear fiber reinforced variable stiffness composites based on polar coordinate sweeping. Additive Manufacturing, 2024, vol. 88, art. 104272. DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2024.104272.
33. Zhu W., Fu L., Tian X. et al. Three-dimensional printing of high-performance continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites: Causes and elimination of process-induced defects. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2025, vol. 292, art. 112080. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.112080.

Pages:: 145-156

Keywords: aramid organoplastic, fire safety, resol-novolac binder, combustibility, smoke generation, fire resistance, fire impermeability

Reference List

1. Kablov E.N. Composites: Today and Tomorrow. Metally Evrazii, 2015, no. 1, pp. 36–39.
2. Startsev V.O., Antipov V.V., Slavin A.V., Gorbovets M.A. Modern domestic polymer composite materials for aviation industry (review). Aviation materials and technologies, 2023, no. 2 (71), pp. 122–144. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: November 15, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2023-0-2-122-144.
3. Gunyaeva A.G., Kurnosov A.O., Gulyaev I.N. High-temperature polymer composite materials developed FSUE «VIAM» for aerospace engineering: past, present and future (review). Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 1 (95), pp. 43–53. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 20, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-1-43-53.
4. Mikhailin Yu.A. Structural polymer composite materials. 2nd ed. Moscow: Nauchnye osnovy i tekhnologii, 2018, 822 p.
5. Krivonos V.V., Tarasov Yu.M. Innovative composite materials and technologies in aircraft manufacturing. Composites of the CIS: Digitalization and cost analysis of the product life cycle. Moscow: Musthavevents Event Group, 2018, pр. 23–26.
6. Barannikov A.A., Veshkin E.A., Savitsky R.S., Slavin A.V. On the question of manufacturing fire-resistant and fire-proof hoods of helicopter power plant engine nacholds from polymer composite materials. Part 1. Trudy VIAM, 2025, no. 8 (150), pp. 123–133. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 15, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2025-0-8-123-133.
7. Surnin E.G., Kondrashov E.K. Fireproof decorative finishing materials. Aviation materials. Selected works of VIAM 1932–2002. Moscow: MISiS–VIAM, 2002, pp. 271–281.
8. Starkov A.I., Kutsevich K.E., Tyumeneva T.Yu., Petrova A.P. Low-combustibility adhesive prepregs designed for the manufacture of integral and three-layer honeycomb structures aircraft technology. Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 5 (111), pp. 41–52. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 23, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-5-41-52.
9. Mikhailin Yu.A. Heat, Thermal, and Fire Resistance of Polymer Materials. St. Petersburg: Nauchnye osnovy i tekhnologii, 2011, 416 p.
10. Garashchenko A.N., Berlin A.A., Kulkov A.A. Methods and Means of Ensuring the Required Fire Safety Performance of Polymer Composite Structures (Review). Pozharovzryvobezopasnost, 2019, vol. 28, no. 2, рр. 9–30.
11. Antipov V.V., Venediktova М.А., Pushnitsa А.S., Kotelnikova D.D., Popov А.V. Investigation of the possibility of increasing the temperature range of fire retardant materials. Trudy VIAM, 2024, no. 10 (140), pp. 74–83. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 15, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-10-74-83.
12. Garashchenko A.N., Kulkov A.A., Strakhov V.L. The effect of the service life on the flame-retardant efficiency of the bulging coatings and the fire resistance of structures. Aviation materials and technologies, 2022, no. 2 (67), pp. 97–110. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: November 23, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-2-97-110.
13. Buravov B.A., Bochkarev E.S., Al-Hamzawi A. et al. Modern trends in the development of flame retardants for polymer composites. Composition, properties, application. Izvestiya Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2020, no. 12 (247), pp. 7–24.
14. Isaev A.Yu., Rubcova E.V., Lukina N.F. Properties and purpose of film adhesives (constructional and foaming) with lowered combustibility. Trudy VIAM, 2024, no. 6 (136), pp. 42–50. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 23, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-6-42-50.
15. Barbotko S.L., Bochenkov M.M., Volnyj O.S., Korobeinichev O.P., Shmakov A.G. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the fire retardants, promising for the creation of new polymer composite materials intended for aviation techniques. Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 2 (96), pp. 20–29. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 21, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-2-20-29.
16. Serkova E.A., Zastrogina O.B., Barbotko S.L. Study of the possibility of use of new environmentally friendly organophosphorus flame retardants in the composition of binders for interior fire safety materials. Trudy VIAM, 2019, no. 2 (74), pp. 24–34. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 21, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2019-0-2-24-34.
17. Airworthiness standards for transport category aircraft: AP-25: approved by the Resolution of the 28th session of the Council on Aviation and Airspace Use on 11.12.2008. 3rd ed., with amendments 1–6. Moscow: Aviaizdat, 2009, 267 p.
18. Aviation materials: a reference book in 13 vols. 7th ed., rev. and add. Ed. E.N. Kablov. Moscow: VIAM, 2010, vol. 7, 210 p.
19. Mukhametov R.R., Petrova A.P. Thermosetting binders for polymer composite materials: a textbook. Ed. E.N. Kablov. Moscow: NRC «Kurchatov Institute» – VIAM, 2021, 528 p.
20. Kablov E.N., Antipov V.V. The role of new-generation materials in ensuring the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation. Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, 2023, vol. 93, no. 10, pp. 907–916.
21. Zhelezina G.F., Soloveva N.A., Kulagina G.S., Shuldeshova P.M. Modern prepregs based on polymer organic fibers for the manufacture of aerostructures. Polimer Science. Series D, 2023, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 148–153.
22. Zhelezina G.F., Shuldeshova P.M. Structural organoplastics based on film adhesives. Polymer Science. Series D, 2014, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 172–176.
23. Kan A.Ch., Zhelezina G.F., Kulagina G.S., Ayupov T.R. Fire safety of structural organic plastics reinforced with aramid fabrics. Aviation materials and technologies, 2022, no. 4 (69), pp. 51–60. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: November 23, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-4-51-60.
24. Zhelezina G.F., Tikhonov I.V., Chernykh T.E., Bova V.G., Voynov S.I. Third-generation aramid fibers Rusar NT for reinforcing organoplastics for aviation purposes. Plasticheskie massy, 2019, no. 3–4, pp. 43–46.
25. Zhelezina G.F., Solovieva N.A., Shuldeshova P.M., Kan A.Ch. Influence of climatic factors on the properties of ballistic-resistant organoplastics. Voprosy materialovedeniya, 2020, no. 4 (104), pp. 144–157.
26. Shuldeshova P.M., Deev I.S., Zhelezina G.F. Features of destruction of SVM aramide fibers and structural organoplastics on their basis. Trudy VIAM, 2016, no. 2 (38), pp. 94–100. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 21, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2016-0-2-11-11.
27. Shuldeshova P.M., Zhelezina G.F., Solovyova N.A., Shuldeshov E.M. Aramid organoplastics for sound-absorbing structures. Voprosy materialovedeniya, 2016, no. 4 (88), pp. 42–49.
28. Kurnosov A.O., Sokolov I.I., Melnikov D.A., Topunova T.E. Fireproof fiberglass for interior of passenger aircraft (review). Trudy VIAM, 2015, no. 11, pp. 55–59. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 18, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2015-0-11-7-7.
29. Veshkin E.A., Satdinov R.A., Barannikov A.A. Modern materials for the aircraft cabin. Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 9 (103), pp. 33–42. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 18, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-9-33-42.

Pages:: 157-170

Keywords: selective laser melting, metal powder composition, micro-arc oxidation, plasma electrolytic oxidation, corrosion protection

Reference List

1. Kablov E.N., Lukin V.I., Ospennikova O.G. Promising aluminum alloys and technologies for their connection for aerospace products. Abstracts of 2nd Int. conf. «Aluminium-21. Welding and soldering». St. Petersburg, 2012, art. 8.
2. Kablov E.N. Main directions of development of materials for aerospace technology of the XXI century. Perspektivnye materialy, 2000, no. 3, pp. 27–36.
3. Duyunova V.A., Leonov A.A., Molodtsov S.V. VIAM's contribution to the development of light alloys and the corrosion control of rocket and space technology products. Trudy VIAM, 2020, no. 2 (86), pp. 22–30. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 22, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-2-22-30.
4. Kablov E.N. Main results and directions of development of materials for advanced aviation technology. 75 years. Aviation materials. Moscow: VIAM, 2007, pp. 20–26.
5. Shchetinina N.D., Kuznetsova P.E., Dynin N.V., Selivanov A.A. Aluminum alloys with additions of Sc and Zr in additive manufacturing (review). Aviation materials and technologies, 2021, no. 3 (64), pp. 19–34. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: January 15, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-3-19-34.
6. Dynin N.V., Antipov V.V., Khasikov D.V. et al. Structure and mechanical properties of an advanced aluminium alloy AlSi10MgCu (Ce, Zr) produced by selective laser melting. Materials Letters, 2021, vol. 284, art. 128898. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128898.
7. Levchuk V.V., Trapeznikov A.V., Pentyukhin S.I. Corrosion-resistant foundry aluminum alloys (review). Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 7 (67), pp. 33–40. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 15, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-7-33-40.
8. Sbitneva S.V., Zaytsev D.V., Benarieb I. Features of the structure of age-hardenable aluminum alloy AlSi10MgCu produced by selective laser melting. Trudy VIAM, 2024, no. 9 (139), pp. 15–24. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: December 21, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-9-15-24.
9. Benarieb I., Dynin N.V., Kuznetsova P.E., Sbitneva S.V. Changes in the structure and mechanical properties during heat treatment of aluminum alloy AlSi10MgCu obtained by selective laser alloying. Tekhnologiya legkikh splavov, 2023, no. 4, pp. 5–18.
10. Dynin N.V., Zavodov A.V., Oglodkov M.S., Khasikov D.V. The influence of process parameters of selective laser melting on the structure of aluminum alloy Al–Si–Mg system. Trudy VIAM, 2017, no. 10 (58), pp. 3–14. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: December 16, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2017-0-10-3-14.
11. Benarieb I., Savichev I.D., Khasikov D.V., Oglodkov M.S. Experience in manufacturing helicopter parts using selective laser melting from aluminum alloy VAS1. Mat. IX All-Rus. sci. and tech. conf. «Problems and prospects for the development of aviation, ground transport and energy (ANTE-2024)». Kazan, 2024, pp. 61–62.
12. Benarieb I., Savichev I.D., Khasikov D.V., Denisov A.M. Application of high-tech aluminum alloy VAS1 for additive manufacturing of helicopter parts. Trudy VIAM, 2025, no. 8 (150), pp. 52–67. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 21, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2025-0-10-52-67.
13. Karimova S.A., Pavlovskaya T.G. Development of ways of corrosion protection of the designs working in the conditions of space. Trudy VIAM, 2013, no. 4, pp. 10–18. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 20, 2026).
14. Fomina M.A., Dynin N.V., Shurtakov S.V., Morozova S.E. Corrosion behavior of Al–Si–Mg alloy made by selective laser melting method. Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 4 (64), pp. 91–100. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 20, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-4-91-100.
15. Tikhonenko V.V., Shkilko A.M. Micro-arc oxidation method. Vostochno-evropejskij zhurnal peredovykh tekhnologij, 2012, no. 13, pp. 13–18.
16. Parfenov E.V., Yerokhin A., Nevyantseva R.R. et al. Towards smart electrolytic plasma technologies: An overview of methodological approaches to process modelling. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2015, vol. 269, pp. 2–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.02.019.
17. Rakoch A.G., Bardin I.V. Microarc oxidation of light alloys. Metallurg, 2010, no. 6, pp. 58–61.
18. Kozlov I.A., Volkov I.A., Fomina M.A., Zakharov K.E. Features of chemical oxidation of semi-finished products obtained by selective laser melting from a metal powder composition of the alloy VAS1. Trudy VIAM, 2023, no. 11 (129), рр. 90–98. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: February 11, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2023-0-11-90-98.
19. Golubev A.I. Anodic oxidation of aluminum alloys. Moscow: Publ. House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1961, 199 p.
20. Kozlov I.A., Duyunova V.A., Zavarzin S.V., Naprienko S.A., Lavrov N.S. Influence of the duration of polarizing pulses on the structure and electrochemical properties of PEO coating on magnesium alloy ML5. Materialovedenie, 2022, no. 8, pp. 19–27.

Pages:: 171-182

Keywords: aluminum alloys, contact corrosion, corrosion rate, pitting corrosion, corrosion testing, electrochemical methods

Reference List

1. Altman M.B., Arbuzov Yu.P., Babichev B.I. et al. Aluminum Alloys. Application of Aluminum Alloys: A Handbook. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1985, 344 p.
2. Sinyavsky V.S., Kalinin V.D., Alexandrova T.V. A New Method for Accelerated Corrosion Testing of Aluminum Alloys. Tekhnologiya legkikh splavov, 2013, no. 2, рр. 89–93.
3. Construction Regulations 128.13330.2016. Aluminum Structures: approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 16, 2016, no. 948/pr; entered into force on June 17, 2017. Moscow: Standartinform, 2017, 84 p.
4. Kutyrev A.E., Krivushina A.A., Vdovin A.I. Development of a test program for aircraft anti-corrosive protection systems of with account of operational factors. Trudy VIAM, 2025, no. 11 (153), pp. 147–156. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: March 17, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2025-0-11-135-146.
5. Rosenfeld I.L. Contact Corrosion of Metals. Moscow: Nauka, 1967, 215 p.
6. Sinyavsky V.S., Valkov V.D., Budov G.M. Corrosion and Protection of Aluminum Alloys. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1979, 224 p.
7. Szklarska-Smialowska Z. Pitting corrosion of aluminum. Corrosion Science, 1999, no. 41, pp. 1743–1767.
8. Li T., Scully J.R., Frankel G.S. Localized corrosion: passive film breakdown vs pit growth stability: Part III. A unifying set of principal parameters and criteria for pit stabilization and salt film formation. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2018, vol. 165, no. 11, pp. 762–770.
9. Kutyrev A.E., Chesnokov D.V., Antipov V.V., Vdovin A.I. The development of a solution for promotion of corrosion attack on aluminium alloys in a galvanostatic mode. Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 9 (69), pp. 105–118. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: April 02, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-9-105-118.
10. Selivanov A.A., Tkachenko E.A., Babanov V.V., Astashkin A.I. Investigation of the surface quality of sheets made of alloys of the Al–Cu–Mg system. Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 8 (114), pp. 14–30. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: May 06, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-8-14-30.
11. Antipov K.V., Oglodkova Yu.S., Kuryntsev S.V., Safiullin E.I. Investigation of the influence of heat treatment modes on the structure and properties of sheets of aluminum-lithium alloy V-1469. Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 11 (117), pp. 16–26. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: April 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-11-16-26.
12. Kurs M.G., Laptev A.B., Kutyrev A.E., Morozova L.V. Investigation of corrosion failure of wrought aluminum alloys during natural-accelerated tests. Part 1. Voprosy materialovedeniya, 2016, no. 1 (85), pp. 116–126.
13. Semenychev V.V. Corrosion resistance and properties of aluminum alloys for aviation applications in a marine subtropical climate: abstract, Cand. Sc. (Thech.). Moscow, 2006, 125 p.
14. Zhuk N.P. Course on the Theory of Corrosion and Metal Protection. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1976. 472 p.
15. Kutyreva E.N., Rakoch A.G., Dub A.V. Cyclic durability of the AD1–D16T system and its corrosion behavior upon disruption of the cladding layer continuity. Korroziya: materialy, zashchita, 2008, no. 9, pp. 29–31.
16. Laptev A.B., Zakirova L.I., Zagorskikh O.A., Pavlov M.R. Methods of investigation of the processes of corrosion-mechanical destruction and hydrogenation of metals (review). Part 3. Corrosion cracking of aluminum alloys. Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 6 (112), pp. 138–149. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 01, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-6-138-149.
17. Szklarska-Smialowska Z. Mechanism of pit nucleation by electrical breakdown of the passive film. Corrosion Science, 2002, vol. 44, pp. 1143–1149.
18. Drazic D.M., Popic J.P. Corrosion rates and negative difference effects for Al and some Al alloys. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 1999, vol. 29, pp. 43–50.
19. Frankel G.S. The growth of 2-d pits in thin film aluminum. Corrosion Science, 1990, vol. 30, pp. 1203–1218.
20. Mechelhoff M., Kelsall G.H., Graham N.J.D. Super-faradaic charge yields for aluminium dissolution in neutral aqueous solutions. Chemical Engineering Science, 2013, vol. 95, pp. 353–359.
21. Yua Y., Li Y. New insight into the negative difference effect in aluminium corrosion using in-situ electrochemical ICP-OES. Corrosion Science, 2020, vol. 168, p. 108568.
22. Curioni M., Scenini F. The mechanism of hydrogen evolution during anodic polarization of aluminium. Electrochimica Acta, 2015, vol. 180, pp. 712–721.
23. Frankel G.S., Tianshu Li, Scully J.R. Localized corrosion: passive film breakdown vs pit growth stability. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2017, vol. 164 (4), pp. 180–181.

Pages:: 183-196

Keywords: non-destructive testing, penetrant testing, developer compositions, developer removal, developer adhesion, alloy surface

Reference List

1. Kablov E.N., Ospennikova O.G., Kudinov I.I., Golovkov A.N., Generalov A.S., Knyazev A.V. Assessment of the probability of detecting service-induced defects in aircraft components made of heat-resistant alloys using domestic and foreign flaw-detection fluids. Defektoskopiya, 2021, no. 1, pp. 64–71.
2. Karyakin A.V., Borovikov A.S. Luminescent and Color Flaw Detection. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1972, 239 p.
3. Filinov M.V., Prokhorenko P.P. Physical Principles and Means of Capillary Flaw Detection. Moscow: Fizmatlit, 2008, 306 p.
4. Kulichkova S.I., Golovkov A.N., Kudinov I.I., Skorobogatko D.S. Evaluation of the effectiveness of various methods of applying powder developers during capillary control. Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 10 (116), pp. 116–127. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: April 14, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-10-116-127.
5. Glazkov Yu.A. Capillary Testing. Moscow: Spektr, 2013, 144 p.
6. Schuh C.A., Mason J.K., Lund A.C. Quantitative insight into dislocation nucleation from high-tempered nanoindentation experiments. Nature Materials, 2005, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 617–621.
7. Banari A., Graebe K., Rudolph M. Influence of engineered roughness microstructure on adhesion and turbulent resuspension of microparticles. Journal of Aerosol Science, 2023, vol. 174, pp. 106258–106278.
8. Ulitin N.V., Anisimova V.I., Baldinov A.A., Suvorova I.A. Acid-base properties and modeling by quantum chemistry of adhesion interactions at the interface of thermoplastic-aluminum systems. Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2024, vol. 132, pp. 103692–103702.
9. Cicek A., Kratzer M., Teichert C., Mitterer C. Quantitative estimation of nanoparticle/substrate adhesion by atomic force microscopy. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 2026, vol. 17, pp. 1–14.
10. Zheng Q.J., Yang R.Y., Zeng Q.H. et al. Interparticle forces and their effects in particulate systems. Powder Technology, 2024, vol. 436, no. 1, pp. 119445–119461.
11. Lin L., Zhang Y., Wang L., Chen X. A comprehensive review of characterization techniques for particle adhesion and powder flowability. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2025, vol. 669, pp. 125029–125038.
12. Zhao P., Li Y. Correlation between the normal position of a particle on a rough surface and the van der Waals force. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2020, vol. 585, pp. 124096–124107.
13. Sotthewes K., Jimidar I.S.M. Navigating the Landscape of Dry Assembling Ordered Particle Structures: Can Solvents Become Obsolete? Small, 2024, vol. 20, no. 49, pp. 2405410–2405423.
14. Stevenson C., Monroe J., Manuel J. et al. The effects of humidity on the adhesion of pharmaceutical excipients to steel surfaces. Powder Technology, 2024, vol. 435, pp. 119160–119172.
15. You S., Wan M.P. Mathematical models for the van der Waals force and capillary force between a rough particle and surface. Langmuir, 2013, vol. 29, no. 29, pp. 9104–9117.
16. Ilse K., Khan M.Z., Lange K. et al. Rotational force test method for determination of particle adhesion ‒ from a simplified model to realistic dusts. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2020, vol. 12, pp. 043503–0435018.
17. Nasr B., Ahmadi G., Ferro A.R., Dhaniyala S. Overview of mechanistic particle resuspension models: comparison with compilation of experimental data. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2019, vol. 33, no. 24, pp. 2631–2670.
18. Rajupet S., Riet A., Chen Q. et al. Relative importance of electrostatic and van der Waals forces in particle adhesion to rough conducting surfaces. Physical Review E, 2021, vol. 103, no. 4, pp. 042906–042915.
19. Isaifan R.J., Johnson D. Evaluation of the adhesion forces between dust particles and photovoltaic module surfaces. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2019, vol. 191, pp. 413–421.
20. Jacobs T.D.B., Martini A. Measuring and Understanding Contact Area at the Nanoscale: A Review. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 2017, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 060802–0608035.
21. Park J., Lee J., Han S. Removal Analysis of Residual Photoresist Particles Based on Surface Topography Affected by Exposure Times of Ultraviolet and Developer Solution. Langmuir, 2020, vol. 38, no. 51, pp. 16134–16143.
22. Chadha V., Miller N.C., Ding R. et al. Evaluating scanning electron microscopy for the measurement of small-scale topography. Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, 2024, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 035010–035021.
23. Popov V.L., Psakhie S.G. Physical nature and properties of dynamic surface layers in friction. Tribology International, 2006, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 426–430.
24. Pokropivny A.V., Skorokhod V.V., Pokropivny A.A. Adhesive phenomena at the α-Fe interface during nanoindentation, stretch and shock. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 1997, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 579–594.
25. Formanek M., Moreno A.J. Effects of precursor topology and synthesis under crowding conditions on the structure of single chain polymer nanoparticles. Soft Matter, 2017, vol. 13, no. 37, pp. 6430–6438.
26. Otsuka A. Adhesive Properties and Related Phenomena for Powdered Pharmaceuticals. Yakugaku zasshi, 1998, vol. 118, no. 4, pp. 127–142.
27. Clarke M.J., Peart J., Cagnani S., Byron P.R. Adhesion of powders for inhalation: An evaluation of drug detachment from surfaces following deposition from aerosol streams. Pharmaceutical Research, 2002, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 322–329.
28. Rudyka E.A., Bredikhin P.S., Matyushchenko I.N. Investigation of adhesive properties of powdered products. Bulletin of Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 2012, no. 2, pp. 141–143.
29. Laube J., Dörmann M., Schmid H.-J., Mädler L. Dependencies of the adhesion forces between TiO2 nanoparticles on size and ambient humidity. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2017, vol. 121, no. 28, pp. 15294–15303.
30. Wang Z., Shah U.V., Olusanmi D. et al. Measuring the sticking of mefenamic acid powders on stainless steel surface. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2015, vol. 496, no. 2, pp. 273–280.
31. Lyashenko I.A., Li Q., Popov V.L. Influence of Chemical Heterogeneity and Third Body on Adhesive Strength: Experiment and Simulation. Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering, 2021, vol. 7, pp. 658858–658869.
32. Jaiswal R.P., Beaudoin S.P. The London–van der Waals Force Field of a Chemically Patterned Surface to Enable Selective Adhesion. Langmuir, 2019, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 86–94.
33. Podczeck F. Investigations into the reduction of powder adhesion to stainless steel surfaces by surface modification to aid capsule filling. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 1999, vol. 178, no. 1, pp. 93–100.
34. Savitsky R.S., Sudin Yu.I., Salakhova R.K. Comparison of the effect of different release agents on the free surface energy of polymer tooling. Trudy VIAM, 2023, no. 5 (123), pp. 85–93. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: April 14, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2023-0-5-85-93.
35. Savitskiy R.S., Sudin Yu.I. Evaluation of the effect of antiadhesion composition on the free surface energy of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics. Trudy VIAM, 2023, no. 3 (121), pp. 39–47. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: April 14, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2023-0-3-39-47.
36. Booth S.W., Newton J.M. Experimental investigation of adhesion between powders and surfaces. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1987, vol. 39, is. 9, pp. 679–684
37. Vinogradova T.S., Gyulikhandanov E.L., Ulin I.V. et al. Catalytically active powder compositions for systems reducing the toxicity of harmful atmospheric emissions. Voprosy materialovedeniya, 2019, vol. 3 (99), pp. 51–59.
38. Golub T.P., Koopal L.K. Adsorption of Cationic Surfactants on Silica Surface: 2. Comparison of Theory with Experiment. Langmuir, 1997, vol. 13, is. 4, pp. 673–681.
39. Bespalov A.S., Istomin A.V. Features of high-porous materials for use as carriers of catalytically active substances. Trudy VIAM, 2025, no. 10 (152), pp. 96–105. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: April 14, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2025-0-10-96-105.
40. Dibrova S., Breitung S. Influence of Metal Wall Materials and Process Parameters on the Adhesion Behavior of Airborne Powder Particles. Powders, 2026, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 11–22.
41. Deutsch S. A Preliminary Study of the Fluid Mechanics of Liquid Penetrant Testing. Journal of the National Bureau Standards, 1979, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 287–292.

Pages:: 197-210

Keywords: carbon fiber reinforced polymer, stress-strain state, outdoor weathering, fatigue testing, modulus of elasticity, hysteresis loop

Reference List

1. Startsev V.O., Antipov V.V., Slavin A.V., Gorbovets M.A. Modern domestic polymer composite materials for aviation industry (review). Aviation materials and technologies, 2023, no. 2 (71), pp. 122–144. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: January 15, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2023-0-2-122-144.
2. Gunyaeva A.G., Kurnosov A.O., Gulyaev I.N. High-temperature polymer composite materials developed FSUE «VIAM» for aerospace engineering: past, present and future (review). Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 1 (95), pp. 43–53. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: March 23, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-1-43-53.
3. Timoshkov P.N., Goncharov V.A., Usacheva M.N., Khrulkov A.V. Features of technology and polymer composite materials for the manufacture of wings of advanced aircraft (review). Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 1 (107), pp. 66–75. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: March 23, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-1-66-75.
4. Bukvić M., Milojević S., Gajević S. Production technologies and application of polymer composites in engineering: a review. Polymers, 2025, vol. 17, art. 2187. DOI: 10.3390/polym17162187.
5. Skoczylas J., Samborski S., Kłonica M. et al. The application of composite materials in the aerospace industry. Journal of Technology and Exploitation in Mechanical Engineering, 2019, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–6. DOI: 10.35784/jteme.73.
6. Chaloob M.K., Laftah R.M. Composite materials under fatigue loading: general review. Basrah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 2025, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 92–111. DOI: 10.33971/bjes.25.1.12.
7. Castanié B., Passieux J.-C., Périé J.-N. et al. Multiaxial testing of aeronautic composite structures at intermediate scale. ICAS2024  34th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. Firenze (Florence), 2024, pp. 1–13.
8. Luplow T., Drummer J., Protz R. et al. Influence of multiaxial loading and temperature on the fatigue behaviour of 2D braided thick-walled composite structures. Journal of Composites Science, 2025, vol. 9, art. 481. DOI: 10.3390/jcs9090481.
9. Zhao X., Wang X., Wu Z. et al. Temperature Effect on Fatigue Behavior of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites. Polymer Composites, 2018, vol. 40, pp. 22732283. DOI: 10.1002/pc.25035P.
10. Gaurav A., Singh K.K. Fatigue behavior of FRP composites and CNT-Embedded FRP composites: A review. Polymer Composites, 2016, vol. 39, pp. 1785–1808. DOI: 10.1002/pc.24177.
11. Shan Y., Liao K. Environmental fatigue of unidirectional glass-carbon fiber reinforced hybrid composite. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2001, vol. 32, pp. 355–363. DOI: 10.1016/S1359-8368(01)00014-2.
12. McBagonluri F., Garcia K., Hayes M. et al. Characterization of fatigue and combined environment on durability performance of glass/vinyl ester composite for infrastructure applications. International Journal of Fatigue, 2000, vol. 22, pp. 53–64. DOI: 10.1016/S0142-1123(99)00100-0.
13. Davies P. Environmental degradation of composites for marine structures: new materials and new applications. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2016, vol. 374, no. 2071, p. 20150272. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0272.
14. Ansari M.T.A., Singh K.K., Azam M.S. Fatigue damage analysis of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. A review. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2018, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 636–654. DOI: 10.1177/0731684418754713.
15. Movahedi-Rad A., Keller T., Vassilopoulos A.P. Effect of loading pattern on fatigue behavior of laminated composites. Proc. of the 18th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics (ICEM18). Brussels, Belgium, 2018, vol. 2, no. 8, p. 438. DOI: 10.3390/ICEM18-05321.
16. Afshar A. Synergistic effects of marine environments and flexural fatigue on carbon fiber-vinyl ester composites protected by gelcoat. Journal of Composite Materials, 2017, vol. 51, no. 26, pp. 3711–3717. DOI: 10.1177/0021998317691586.
17. Mahato K.K., Dutta K., Ray B.C. Static and dynamic behavior of fibrous polymeric composite materials at different environmental conditions. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 2017, vol. 26, pp. 1024–1050. DOI: 10.1007/s10924-017-1001-x.
18. Kablov E.N., Startsev O.V. Influence of internal stresses on the aging of polymer composite materials. Mekhanika kompozitnykh materialov, 2021, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 805–822.
19. Startsev O.V., Lebedev M.P., Blaznov A.N. Aging of polymer composite materials in a loaded state. Vse materialy. Entsiklopedicheskiy spravochnik, 2020, no. 10, pp. 7–18. DOI: 10.1007/s10924-017-1001-x.
20. Kablov E.N., Laptev A.B., Prokopenko A.N., Gulyaev A.I. Relaxation of polymeric composite materials under the prolonged action of static load and climate (review). Part 1. Binders. Aviation materials and technologies, 2021, no. 4 (65), pp. 70–80. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: March 23, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-4-70-80.
21. Kablov E.N., Startsev V.O., Laptev A.B. Aging of Polymer Composite Materials. Moscow: NRC «Kurchatov Institute» – VIAM, 2023, 520 p.
22. Lutsenko A.N., Slavin A.V., Erasov V.S., Khvackij K.K. Strength tests and researches of aviation materials. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 527–546. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-527-546.
23. Avtaev V.V., Kotova A.E., Gladkikh A.V., Boychuk A.S. Equipment for bending tests constructive and similar samples welded hybrid panels of the wing. Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 9 (69), pp. 83–91. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 19, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-9-83-91.
24. Zhong Z., Wang F., Kong F., Chen Y. Study of fatigue damage behavior in off-axis CFRP composites using digital image correlation technology. Heliyon, 2024, vol. 10, p. 25577. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25577.
25. Ben Sghaier R., Majed N., Dali H.B., Fathallah R. High cycle fatigue prediction of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites: reliability study. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2017, vol. 92, no. 9, pp. 4399–4413. DOI: 10.1007/s00170-017-0496-6.
26. Yin B., Fang Y., Jiao X., Sun H. A novel fatigue life prediction method of carbon black filled rubber based on hysteresis loss of steady state under various load ratios. Polymer Testing, 2025, vol. 149, p. 108863. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108863.
27. Gunyaeva A.G., Sidorina A.I., Kurnosov A.O., Klimenko O.N. Polymeric composite materials of new generation on the basis of binder VSE-1212 and the filling agents alternative to ones of Porcher Ind. and Toho Tenax. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2018, no. 3 (52), pp. 1826. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2018-0-3-18-26.
28. Yusuf N.A., Khair-Eldeen W., Tsuchiya T. et al. Finite Element Simulation of Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) Test to Predict the Dynamic Compressive Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Composite. Solid State Phenomena, 2024, vol. 363, pp. 6168. DOI: 10.4028/p-myT1Cb.
29. Fajri A., Suryanto S., Adiputra R. et al. Tensile assessment of woven CFRP using finite element method: A benchmarking and preliminary study for thin-walled structure application. Curved and Layered Structures, 2024, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 20240002. DOI: 10.1515/cls-2024-0002/html.
30. Premanand A., Rienks M., Balle F. Accelerated estimation of the very high cycle fatigue strength and life of polymer composites under ultrasonic cyclic three-point bending. Materials & Design, 2024, vol. 240, p. 112872. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.112872.
31. Petrov M.G., Startsev O.V., Lebedev M.P. et al. Strength Characteristics of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic in Shear and Cyclic Extension – Compression after 7 Years of Climate Exposure. Universal Journal of Carbon Research, 2024, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–13. DOI: 10.37256/ujcr.2120244131.
32. Startsev V.O., Startsev O.V., Zeleneva T.O., Vardanyan A.M. Influence of precipitation on changes in the mass of samples of polymeric composite materials in open climatic conditions. Aviation materials and technologies, 2024, no. 1 (74), pp. 136–154. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: January 20, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2024-0-1-136-154.