STUDY OF THE DIFFUSION SATURATION KINETICS OF HIGH-CHROMIUM CARBON STEELS OF THE MARTENSITIC CLASS AFTER VARIOUS TYPES OF CHEMICAL-HEAT TREATMENT

The study of the kinetics of diffusion saturation of high-chromium carbon steels 40Kh13-Sh and 60Kh13S-ShD has been carried out. Based on the results of studying the structure and calculating the volume fraction of the excess phase, a positive effect of the process of preliminary nitriding and the presence of nitrogen in the composition of the saturating atmosphere on the acceleration of diffusion processes has been established. Analysis of the thickness of diffusion layers after various types of chemical-heat treatment made it possible to establish that preliminary nitriding contributes to an increase in the kinetic coefficient for steel 40Kh13-Sh, while this effect is practically absent for steel 60Kh13S-ShD.

Keywords: high-chromium carbon steels, chemical-heat treatment, diffusion layers, vacuum nitriding, vacuum carburizing, treatment in low pressure atmosphere

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Full version

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-3-15-26

UDC: 539.26

N.A. Kuzmina¹

GROWTH STRUCTURAL DEFECTS IN SINGLE CRYSTALS OF NICKEL HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOYS

The article describes the most frequent growth structural defects formed at the stage of casting single crystals by the method of directed crystallization from nickel heat-resistant alloys. The study of defects by the Laue х-ray method and the swing method has been carried out. It is given comparison and interpretation of diffraction images obtained by two x-ray methods. Based on the conducted researches, the analysis of causes of the appearance of defective structure is given and ways to eliminate or minimize the factors affecting the appearance of such defects are proposed.

Keywords: single crystal, crystallographic orientation, disorientation of subgrains, lauegram, х-ray diffraction, production technology of single crystal casting

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Full version

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-3-27-36

UDC: 621.791

A.V. Sviridov¹, A.G. Evgenov¹, A.N. Afansiev-Khodykin¹, I.A. Galushka¹

BRAZING OF A NATIVE WEAR-RESISTANT STELLITE V5K ON THE WORKING BLADES OF THE GTE FROM NICKEL SUPER ALLOYS

The results of research a brazing of native wear-resistant alloy based on cobalt (stellite) for hardening the bonded shelves of GTE working blades with an operating temperature of 1050 °С. The article presents the results of a study of the microstructure of brazed joints of V5K stellite with nickel super alloy, made with various nickel-based brazing alloys. The results of evaluating the influence of the features of nickel heat-resistant brazing alloys on the heat resistance of solder joints are presented. On the basis of the conducted studies, the brazing alloy and the mode of brazing stellite V5K on the bonded flanges of the working blades of the gas turbine engine with an operating temperature of 1050 °С were selected.

Keywords: brazing, high-temperature brazing, nickel heat-resistant brazing alloys, stellite, cobalt alloy, nickel super alloys

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Full version

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-3-37-49

UDC: 620.186

A.G. Evgenov¹, S.V. Shurtakov¹, I.R. Chumanov¹

NEW WEAR-RESISTANT COBALT-BASE ALLOY: FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE METAL OBTAINED BY THE DIRECT LASER GROWTH METHOD. Part 2

The structure of a new wear-resistant alloy of the system Co–Cr–W–C obtained by direct laser growth during surfacing on a cast high-temperature nickel-based alloy VZhL21. The high uniformity of the deposited metal is shown, the absence of segregations in tungsten, silicon, chromium, in contrast to the foreign analogue Tribaloy T-800. A scheme for the formation of gradient surfacing has been developed and implemented, providing an exceptionally smooth (gradient) transition not only along the alloying elements (Al, Mo), but also along the base elements (Co, Ni, Cr) from the cast to the deposited material.

Keywords: wear-resistant material, stellite, gradient material, laser gas-powder cladding, wear-resistant alloy, cobalt base.

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31. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.
32. Farafonov D.P., Degovets M.L., Rogalev A.M. Research of experimental compositions of wear-resistant alloys on the basis of cobalt for repair and hardening of working blades of high-pressure turbines by method of laser welding. Trudy VIAM, 2017, no. 8 (56), paper no. 05. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: October 15, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2017-0-8-5-5.
33. Durejko T., Łazinska M., Dworecka-Wójcik J., Lipinski S., Varin R.A., Czujko T. The Tribaloy T-800 Coatings Deposited by Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENSTM). Materials, 2019, no. 12, pp. 1366. DOI: 10.3390/ma12091366.

Full version

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-3-50-59

UDC: 669.295

N.A. Nochovnaya¹, A.A. Shiryaev¹, D.S. Sharapkin¹

COMPLEX OF MECHANICAL AND OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES OF ROLLED BLANKS FROM METASTABLE-β-TITANIUM ALLOY VT47

There are the results of studies of the structural-phase composition and a complex of mechanical properties of rolled blanks with a thickness of 4–6 and 9–12 mm from metastable-β-titanium alloy VT47 in comparison with the mechanical properties of alloys-analogs in application, manufactured according to the developed at the NRC «Kurchatov institute» – VIAM technology. It is shown that the use of metastable- β-titanium alloy VT47 for the manufacture of edging of the edges of wide-chord fan blades of modern aircraft engines from composite materials can significantly reduce their weight in comparison with traditional blades made of metallic materials.

Keywords: metastable-β-titanium alloys, alloy VT47, microstructure, mechanical properties, rolled semi-finished products

Reference List

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12. High-strength tethanes-based alloy and product made of high-strength titan-based alloy: pat. 2569285 Rus. Federation; filed 29.12.14; publ. 20.11.15.
13. Kablov E.N., Nochovnaya N.A., Shiryaev A.A., Davydova E.A. Investigation of structural and phase transformations in metastable β-titanium alloys and effect of cooling rate from homogenization temperature on structure and properties of VT47 alloy. Part 1. Trudy VIAM, 2020, no. 6–7 (89), paper no. 01. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 12, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-67-3-10.
14. Kablov E.N., Nochovnaya N.A., Shiryaev A.A., Davydova E.A. Investigation of structural and phase transformations in metastable β-titanium alloys and effect of cooling rate from homogenization temperature on structure and properties of VT47 alloy. Part 2. Trudy VIAM, 2020, no. 8 (90), paper no. 02. Availableat: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 12, 2021). 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-8-11-19.
15. Kablov E.N., Volkova E.F., Filonova E.V. The effect of RZE on the phase composition and properties of the new heat-resistant magnesium alloy of the MG–ZN–ZR–RZE system. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 2017, no. 7 (745), pp. 19–26.
16. Oreshko E.I., Utkin D.A., Erasov V.S., Lyakhov A.A. Methods of measurement of hardness of materials (review). Trudy VIAM, 2020, no. 1, paper no. 10. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 12, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-1-101-117.

Full version

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-3- 60-74

UDC: 669.721.5:662.612.12

M.V. Akinina¹, I.V. Mostyaev¹, E.F. Volkova¹, A.A. Alikhanyan¹

INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS ON THE TEMPERATURE THRESHOLD OF IGNITION AND FIRE RESISTANCE OF A VMD16 WROUGHT MAGNESIUM ALLOY

The temperature threshold of ignition of VMD16 high-strength heat-resistant wrought magnesium alloy has been determined. The influence of alloying elements on the temperature threshold of ignition of the VMD16 magnesium alloy has been studied. The results of the study of the influence of the high-temperature effect of the flame of a gas burner on the structure and phase composition of forgings from the VMD16 magnesium alloy are presented. It has been established that the high ignition temperature of the VMD16 magnesium alloy is explained by the presence in its composition of alloying elements from the yttrium and cerium subgroups, which cause formation of a heat-resistant protective oxide film on the surface of the material.

Keywords: magnesium alloy, wrought alloy, flammability, temperature threshold, oxide film, rare earth elements, yttrium, microstructure, LPSO-phases

Reference List

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Full version

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-3-75-83

UDC: 666.3

S.A. Evdokimov¹, N.E. Shchegoleva¹, A.A. Kachaev¹

METHODS FOR JOINING CERAMIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON SiC WITH CERAMIC AND METALLIC MATERIALS (review)

Methods of joining ceramic-matrix composite materials based on silicon carbide, reinforced with continuous fibers of silicon carbide or carbon, with ceramic and metallic materials are considered. The main problems and the ways to solve them during the processes of gluing and high-temperature soldering, are determined. Adjusting the composition of the solder, controlling the thickness of the interfacial reaction layer and matching the coefficient of thermal expansion will make it possible to obtain high-quality joints of ceramic materials based on SiC and metals, which in turn will ensure the manufacture of parts with a complex profile.

Keywords: ceramic composite materials, brazing, welding, metal composite materials, silicon carbide, reaction bonded silicon carbide, diffusion bonding

Reference List

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10. Braze for silicon carbide bodies: pat. US 5447683; filed 08.11.93; publ. 05.09.95.
11. Method for brazing ceramic-containing bodies, and articles made thereby: pat. US 7270885 B1; filed 15.11.04; publ. 18.09.07.
12. Compositions for joining and assembling parts made of sic-based materials: pat. FR 1051870; filed 09.09.05; publ. 16.03.10.
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17. Laser brazing for ceramic-to-metal joining: pat. US 5407119; filed 10.12.92; publ. 18.04.95.
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Full version

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-3-84-97

UDC: 699.81

A.N. Garashchenko¹, A.V. Vinogradov¹, N.V. Kobylkov¹, A.A. Nikolchenkin², E.A. Antipov¹

EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF FIRE AND THERMAL PROTECTION COMPOSITE MATERIALS UNDER HIGH-TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE

The results of studies on the stand of radiant heating of fire protection samples based on basalt fiber material MBOR when reproducing the conditions of high-temperature exposure to structures and products in case of fire are considered. The possibility of estimating the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity of such materials at high temperatures using measurement data of the temperature of samples during tests is shown on the example of MBOR. The role of such experimental studies as well as thermo-technical calculations, conducted on the basis of their results, is demonstrated both when choosing rational materials and determining the thickness of fire and thermal protection, and when confirming the operability of structures and products under specified conditions of high-temperature exposure.

Keywords: fire protection, thermal protection, basalt fiber materials, standard and hydrocarbon fire mode, fire resistance limit, effective coefficient of thermal conductivity

Reference List

1. Garashchenko A.N., Vinogradov A.V., Dashtiev I.Z. et al. Investigation of options for constructive fire protection based on rolled MBOR basalt material on a radiant heating stand. Pozharovzryvobezopasnost, 2020, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 28–39. DOI: 10.18322/PVB.2020.29.06.28-39.
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Full version

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-3-98-107

UDC: 620.197

S.A. Budinovskiy¹, A.A. Lyapin², D.S. Gorlov¹, A.S. Benklyan¹, S.V. Tatarnikov¹

MULTI-LAYER ANTIFRETTING COATING ON LARGE-SIZED MANUFACTURES

The results of work on the application of the lower ion–plasma layer of the Ti–TiN system of a multilayer anti–fretting coating developed at the National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute» – VIAM to protect the surface of gas turbine engine and gas turbine plant products from fretting wear on a sample-simulator of a large–sized product with the use of an experimental-industrial ion-plasma installation of the MAP-R type. Based on the results of the work done, a conclusion was made about the possibility of using the MAP-R type installation for applying an anti-fretting coating to large-sized items.

Keywords: gas turbine engine, gas turbine unit, vacuum-arc deposition, MAP-R type installation, anti-fretting coating

Reference List

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13. Installation for applying protective coatings: pat. 2187576 Rus. Federation; filed 14.09.00; publ. 20.08.08.
14. Kablov E.N., Muboyajyan S.A. Ionus etching and modification of the surface of the responsible parts of machines in vacuum-dug plasma. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta im. N.E. Baumana. Ser.: Mechanical Engineering, 2011, no. S2, pp. 149–163.
15. Kablov E.N. Casting shoulder blades of gas turbine engines. Alloys, technologies, coating. 2nd ed. Moscow: Nauka, 2006, pp. 531–534.
16. Vinogradov S.S., Terkulova Yu.A., Kurdyukova E.A., Nikiforov A.A. Wear-proof, antifriction and fretting-resistant coating based on Ni–B. Trudy VIAM, 2015, no. 1, paper no. 02. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 01, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2015-0-1-2-2.
17. Kablov E.N. Airospace materials science. Vse materialy. Entsiklopedicheskiy spravochnik, 2008, no. 3, pp. 2–14.
18. Gorlov D.S., Skripak V.I., Muboyadzhyan S.A., Egorova L.P. The research of fretting-wear slip and ion-plasma coatings. Trudy VIAM, 2017, no. 3, paper no. 07. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 01, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2017-0-3-7-7.
19. A method of applying protective coatings and a device for its implementation: pat. 2625698 Rus. Federation; filed 29.08.16; publ. 18.07.17.
20. Budinovsky S.A., Lyapin A.A., Benklyan A.S. Experimental and industrial-plasma installations MASH-50 and MAP-R for applying protective coatings to parts of transport and energy gas turbine installations. Inzhenernyy zhurnal: nauka i innovatsii, 2021, no. 10. Available at: http://www.enjournal.ru (accessed: November 01, 2021). DOI: 10.18698/2308-6033-2021-10-2120.

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10.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-3-108-119

UDC: 666.3

O.N. Doronin¹, N.I. Artemenko¹, P.A. Stekhov¹, V.A. Voronov¹

DEPOSITION OF CERAMIC LAYERS OF HEAT PROTECTION COATINGS BASED ON THE SYSTEMS Gd2O3–ZrO2–HfO2 AND Sm2O3–Y2O3–HfO2

The results of studying promising ceramic compositions of the Gd2O3–ZrO2–HfO2 and Sm2O3–Y2O3–HfO2 systems are presented. The possibility of depositing ceramic layers of the Gd2O3–ZrO2–HfO2 and Sm2O3–Y2O3–HfO2 systems by the method of electron-beam evaporation from rods is shown. The thermal conductivity coefficient of ceramic layers of different compositions has been calculated. According to the results of the study of condensed layers obtained by the method of electron beam deposition from rods of different systems, it was found that the abilities of oxides to evaporate differ.

Keywords: ceramic layer, thermal protection coatings (HPC), hafnium oxide, samarium oxide, zirconium oxide, thermal conductivity coefficient

Reference List

1. Kablov E.N. Casting shoulder blades of gas turbine engines: alloys, technologies, coatings. 2nd ed. Moscow: Nauka, 2006, 632 p.
2. Kablov E.N., Echin A.B., Bondarenko Yu.A. History of development of directional crystallization technology and equipment for casting blades of gas turbine engines. Trudy VIAM, 2020, no. 3 (87), paper no. 01. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: May 31, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-3-3-12.
3. Muboyajyan S.A., Kablov E.N., Budinovsky S.A. Vacuum-plasma technology for obtaining protective coatings from complex alloy alloys. Metallovedeniye i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov, 1995, no. 2, pp. 15–18.
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8. Muboyajyan S.A. Industrial ion-plasma equipment for applying protective coatings. Entsiklopediya inzhenera-khimika, 2012, no. 5, pp. 34–41.
9. Muboyajyan S.A. Protective coatings for hot tract parts. Vse materialy. Entsiklopedicheskiy spravochnik, 2011, no. 3, pp. 26–30.
10. Kashin D.S., Stekhov P.A. Modern thermal barrier coatings obtained by electron-beam physical vapor deposition (review). Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 2, paper no. 10. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: May 31, 2021). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-2-10-10.
11. Kablov E.N., Muboyajyan S.A. The heat -shielding coatings with a ceramic layer of reduced thermal conductivity based on zirconium oxide for high-pressure turbine blades of promising GTD. Reports of Conf. «Modern achievements in the field of creation of promising non-metallic composite materials and coatings for aviation and space technology». Moscow: VIAM, 2015, pp. 1–27.
12. Terry S.G., Litty J.R., Levi C.G. Evolution of porosity and texture in thermal barrier coatings grown by EB-PVD. Elevated Temperature Coatings: Science and Technology III. The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 1999, pp. 13–26.
13. Matsumoto K., Itoh Y., Kameda T. EB-PVD process and thermal properties of hafnia-based thermal barrier coating. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2003, no. 4, pp. 153.
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15. Kablov E.N., Doronin O.N., Artemenko N.I., Stukhov P.A., Marakhovsky P.S., Stolyarova V.L. The study of the physicochemical properties of ceramics based on the SM2O3–Y2O3–HFO2 system for the development of promising heat-shielding coatings. Zhurnal neorganicheskoy khimii, 2020, no. 6, pp. 846–855. DOI: 10.31857/S0044457X20060070.
16. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.

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11.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-3-120-129

UDC: 621.186.4

V.V. Butakov¹, A.A. Lugovoy¹, N.M. Varrik¹, V.G. Babashov¹

ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF A LAYERED HIGHLY POROUS THERMAL INSULATION MATERIAL

Considers a method for determining the coefficient of effective thermal conductivity of a thermal insulation material by the propagation of a thermal front in it during unilateral heating. The description of the stand for unilateral heating of samples is given, the theoretical justification of the possibility of evaluating the effective thermal conductivity for the propagation of the thermal front is given. A picture of the propagation of the heat front in samples of fibrous thermal insulation material of various densities is given. The comparison of the calculated coefficient of thermal conductivity and that determined by the calorimetric method is given. The method can be used for preliminary evaluation of the thermal conductivity coefficient at the initial stages of research.

Keywords: heat-shielding material, thermal conductivity coefficient, heat flux, highly porous material, refractory oxides

Reference List

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12.

DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-3-130-146

UDC: 004.021

E.I. Oreshko¹, V.S. Erasov¹, I.G. Sibayev¹, A.N. Lutsenko¹, P.V. Shershak¹

MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS (review) Part 1. Classification and regression tasks. Linear algorithms in machine learning. Application of machine learning algorithms for calculating the strength characteristics of materials

The main machine learning algorithms are considered: classification, nearest neighbor method, linear regression, logistic regression, neural networks, Bayesian networks, density estimation, dimension reduction, clustering, machine-learned ranking, reinforcement learning, support vector machine. Examples of the use of machine learning algorithms for solving problems of calculating the strength characteristics of materials in the main types of their physical and mechanical tests are considered: tension, compression, torsion, bending, shear, creep, long-term strength, fatigue, crack resistance, indentation

Keywords: machine learning, neural network, classification, regression, sigmoidal function, calculation, stress, deformation

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Full version

Aviation materials and technologies

Scientific-technical journal ISSN 2713-0193

ARCHIVE

Aviation materials and technologies №3, 2022

Contents

Heat-resistant alloys and steels

Light-metal alloys

Composite materials

Protective and functional coatings

Material tests

STUDY OF THE DIFFUSION SATURATION KINETICS OF HIGH-CHROMIUM CARBON STEELS OF THE MARTENSITIC CLASS AFTER VARIOUS TYPES OF CHEMICAL-HEAT TREATMENT

GROWTH STRUCTURAL DEFECTS IN SINGLE CRYSTALS OF NICKEL HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOYS

BRAZING OF A NATIVE WEAR-RESISTANT STELLITE V5K ON THE WORKING BLADES OF THE GTE FROM NICKEL SUPER ALLOYS

NEW WEAR-RESISTANT COBALT-BASE ALLOY: FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE METAL OBTAINED BY THE DIRECT LASER GROWTH METHOD. Part 2

COMPLEX OF MECHANICAL AND OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES OF ROLLED BLANKS FROM METASTABLE-β-TITANIUM ALLOY VT47

INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS ON THE TEMPERATURE THRESHOLD OF IGNITION AND FIRE RESISTANCE OF A VMD16 WROUGHT MAGNESIUM ALLOY

METHODS FOR JOINING CERAMIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON SiC WITH CERAMIC AND METALLIC MATERIALS (review)

EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF FIRE AND THERMAL PROTECTION COMPOSITE MATERIALS UNDER HIGH-TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE

MULTI-LAYER ANTIFRETTING COATING ON LARGE-SIZED MANUFACTURES

DEPOSITION OF CERAMIC LAYERS OF HEAT PROTECTION COATINGS BASED ON THE SYSTEMS Gd2O3–ZrO2–HfO2 AND Sm2O3–Y2O3–HfO2

ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF A LAYERED HIGHLY POROUS THERMAL INSULATION MATERIAL

MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS (review) Part 1. Classification and regression tasks. Linear algorithms in machine learning. Application of machine learning algorithms for calculating the strength characteristics of materials